{"id":420616,"date":"2024-10-20T06:32:03","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-cen-iso-tr-124892016\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T12:13:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T12:13:28","slug":"bsi-pd-cen-iso-tr-124892016","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-cen-iso-tr-124892016\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD CEN ISO\/TR 12489:2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This Technical Report aims to close the gap between the state-of-the-art and the application of probabilistic calculations for the safety systems of the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. It provides guidelines for reliability and safety system analysts and the oil and gas industries to:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>understand the correct meaning of the definitions used in the reliability field;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>identify<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>the safety systems which may be concerned,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>the difficulties encountered when dealing with reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>the relevant probabilistic parameters to be considered;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>be informed of effective solutions overcoming the encountered difficulties and allowing to undertake the calculations of relevant probabilistic parameters;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>obtain sufficient knowledge of the principles and framework (e.g. the modelling power and limitations) of the well-established approaches currently used in the reliability field:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>analytical formulae;[1][2][13]<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Boolean:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>reliability block diagrams;[4]<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>fault trees;[5]<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>sequential: event trees,[8] cause consequence diagrams[10] and LOPA;[9]<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Markovian;[6]<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Petri nets;[7]<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>obtain sufficient knowledge of the principles of probabilistic evaluations:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>analytical calculations (e.g. performed on Boolean or Markovian models);[1][2][3]<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>and Monte Carlo simulation (e.g. performed on Petri nets[7]);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>select an approach suitable with the complexity of the related safety system and the reliability study which is undertaken;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>handle safety and dependability (e.g. for production assurance purpose, see 3.1.1) within the same reliability framework.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The elementary approaches (e.g. PHA, HAZID, HAZOP, FMECA) are out of the scope of this Technical Report. Yet they are of utmost importance and ought to be applied first as their results provide the input information essential to properly undertake the implementation of the approaches described in this Technical Report: analytical formulae, Boolean approaches (reliability block diagrams, fault trees, event trees, etc.), Markov graphs and Petri nets.<\/p>\n<h4>PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n<table border=\"1px\" class=\"des-table\">\n<tr>\n<th>PDF Pages<\/th>\n<th>PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>7<b><\/td>\n<td>Foreword  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>8<b><\/td>\n<td>Introduction  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>9<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_1 <br \/> 1\tScope  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>10<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_2 <br \/> Section sec_2.1 <br \/> Section sec_2.2 <br \/> 2\tAnalysis framework <br \/> 2.1\tUsers of this Technical Report <br \/> 2.2\tISO\/TR\u00a012489 with regard to risk and reliability analysis processes  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>11<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>12<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_2.3 <br \/> 2.3\tOverview of the reliability modelling and calculation approaches considered in this Technical Report  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>13<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>15<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_1 <br \/> Section sec_2.4 <br \/> 2.4\tSafety systems and safety functions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>16<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3 <br \/> Section sec_3.1 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.1 <br \/> 3\tTerms and definitions <br \/> 3.1\tBasic reliability concepts  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>17<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.2 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.3 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.4 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>18<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.6 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.7 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.8 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.9 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.10  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>19<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.11 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.12 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.13 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.14  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>20<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.15 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.16 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.17 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.18  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>21<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.19 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.20 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.21  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>22<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.22 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.23 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.24 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.25 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.26 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.27  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>23<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.28 <br \/> Figure fig_3 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.29 <br \/> Figure fig_4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>24<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.30 <br \/> Figure fig_5 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.31 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.32  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>25<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_6 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.33  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>26<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.34 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.35 <br \/> Figure fig_7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>27<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.1.36 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.37 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.38 <br \/> Section sec_3.1.39  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>28<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.2 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.1 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.2 <br \/> Figure fig_8 <br \/> 3.2\tFailure classification  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>29<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.2.3 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.4 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.5 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.6 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>30<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.2.8 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.9 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.10 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.11  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>31<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.2.12 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.13 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.14 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.15 <br \/> Section sec_3.2.16  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>32<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.2.17 <br \/> Section sec_3.3 <br \/> Section sec_3.3.1 <br \/> Section sec_3.3.2 <br \/> Section sec_3.3.3 <br \/> 3.3\tSafety systems typology  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>33<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.4 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.1 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.2 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.3 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.4 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.5 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.6 <br \/> 3.4\tMaintenance issues  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>34<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.4.7 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.8 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.9 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.10  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>35<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_9 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.11 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.12 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.13 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.14  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>36<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.4.15 <br \/> Section sec_3.4.16 <br \/> Section sec_3.5 <br \/> Section sec_3.5.1 <br \/> Section sec_3.5.2 <br \/> Section sec_3.5.3 <br \/> Section sec_3.5.4 <br \/> 3.5\tOther terms  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>37<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.5.5 <br \/> Section sec_3.6 <br \/> Section sec_3.6.1 <br \/> Section sec_3.6.2 <br \/> Section sec_3.6.3 <br \/> Section sec_3.6.4 <br \/> 3.6\tEquipment-related terms  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>38<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_3.6.5 <br \/> Section sec_3.6.6 <br \/> Section sec_3.6.7 <br \/> Section sec_3.6.8 <br \/> Section sec_4 <br \/> Table tab_2 <br \/> 4\tSymbols and abbreviated terms  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>39<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>41<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_5 <br \/> Section sec_5.1 <br \/> 5\tOverview and challenges <br \/> 5.1\tGeneral considerations about modelling and calculation challenges  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>43<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_5.2 <br \/> Section sec_5.3 <br \/> 5.2\tDeterministic versus probabilistic approaches <br \/> 5.3\tSafe failure and design philosophy  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>44<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_5.4 <br \/> Section sec_5.4.1 <br \/> Section sec_5.4.2 <br \/> 5.4\tDependent failures  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>45<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_5.4.3 <br \/> Section sec_5.5 <br \/> Section sec_5.5.1 <br \/> 5.5\tHuman factors  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>46<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_5.5.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>47<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_5.5.3 <br \/> Section sec_5.5.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>48<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_5.6 <br \/> 5.6\tDocumentation of underlying assumptions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>49<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_6 <br \/> Section sec_6.1 <br \/> 6\tIntroduction to modelling and calculations <br \/> 6.1\tGeneralities about safety systems operating in \u201con demand\u201d or \u201ccontinuous\u201d modes  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>50<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_10 <br \/> Figure fig_11 <br \/> Figure fig_12  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>51<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_13 <br \/> Figure fig_14  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>52<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_6.2 <br \/> Section sec_6.2.1 <br \/> Figure fig_15 <br \/> Figure fig_16 <br \/> 6.2\tAnalytical approaches  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>53<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_17 <br \/> Figure fig_18 <br \/> Section sec_6.2.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>54<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_6.2.3 <br \/> Figure fig_19  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>55<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7 <br \/> Section sec_7.1 <br \/> Section sec_7.2 <br \/> 7\tAnalytical formulae approach (low demand mode) <br \/> 7.1\tIntroduction <br \/> 7.2\tUnderlying hypothesis and main assumptions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>56<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.3 <br \/> Section sec_7.3.1 <br \/> Figure fig_20 <br \/> 7.3\tSingle failure analysis  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>57<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.3.2 <br \/> Section sec_7.3.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>58<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.3.4 <br \/> Section sec_7.4 <br \/> Figure fig_21 <br \/> 7.4\tDouble failure analysis  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>59<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.4.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>60<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.4.2 <br \/> Section sec_7.4.2.1 <br \/> Figure fig_22  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>61<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.4.2.2 <br \/> Figure fig_23 <br \/> Figure fig_24  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>62<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.4.3 <br \/> Section sec_7.4.4 <br \/> Section sec_7.4.5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>63<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.5 <br \/> Figure fig_25 <br \/> Section sec_7.5.1 <br \/> Figure fig_26 <br \/> 7.5\tTriple failure analysis  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>64<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.5.2 <br \/> Section sec_7.5.3 <br \/> Section sec_7.6 <br \/> Figure fig_27 <br \/> 7.6\tCommon cause failures  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>65<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_7.7 <br \/> Section sec_7.8 <br \/> 7.7\tExample of implementation of analytical formulae: the PDS method <br \/> 7.8\tConclusion about analytical formulae approach  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>66<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_8 <br \/> Section sec_8.1 <br \/> Section sec_8.2 <br \/> 8\tBoolean and sequential approaches <br \/> 8.1\tIntroduction <br \/> 8.2\tReliability block diagrams (RBD)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>67<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_28 <br \/> Figure fig_29 <br \/> Section sec_8.3 <br \/> 8.3\tFault Tree Analysis (FTA)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>68<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_30  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>69<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_8.4 <br \/> Section sec_8.5 <br \/> Section sec_8.5.1 <br \/> 8.4\tSequence modelling: cause consequence diagrams, event tree analysis, LOPA <br \/> 8.5\tCalculations with Boolean models  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>70<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_31 <br \/> Figure fig_32  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>71<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_33 <br \/> Figure fig_34 <br \/> Section sec_8.5.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>72<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_35 <br \/> Section sec_8.6 <br \/> 8.6\tConclusion about the Boolean approach  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>73<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_9 <br \/> Section sec_9.1 <br \/> Figure fig_36 <br \/> 9\tMarkovian approach <br \/> 9.1\tIntroduction and principles  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>74<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_37  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>76<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_9.2 <br \/> Figure fig_38 <br \/> 9.2\tMultiphase Markov models  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>77<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_39 <br \/> Section sec_9.3 <br \/> Section sec_10 <br \/> Section sec_10.1 <br \/> 9.3\tConclusion about the Markovian approach <br \/> 10\tPetri net approach <br \/> 10.1\tBasic principle  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>78<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_40  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>79<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_10.2 <br \/> Figure fig_41 <br \/> 10.2\tRBD driven Petri net modelling  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>80<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_42  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>81<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_43  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>82<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_10.3 <br \/> Section sec_11 <br \/> Section sec_12 <br \/> 10.3\tConclusion about Petri net approach <br \/> 11\tMonte Carlo simulation approach <br \/> 12\tNumerical reliability data uncertainty handling  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>83<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_44 <br \/> Section sec_13 <br \/> Section sec_13.1 <br \/> 13\tReliability data considerations <br \/> 13.1\tIntroduction  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>84<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_13.2 <br \/> Table tab_4 <br \/> 13.2\tReliability data sources  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>86<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_13.3 <br \/> 13.3\tRequired reliability data  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>88<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_13.4 <br \/> Section sec_14 <br \/> Section sec_14.1 <br \/> 13.4\tReliability data collection <br \/> 14\tTypical applications <br \/> 14.1\tIntroduction  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>89<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>90<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.1.1 <br \/> Figure fig_45 <br \/> 14.2\tTypical application TA1: single channel  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>91<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_6 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.1.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>92<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.2.1.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.1.3.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.1.3.2 <br \/> Figure fig_46  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>93<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_47 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.1.3.3 <br \/> Figure fig_48  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>94<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.2.1.3.4 <br \/> Figure fig_49 <br \/> Table tab_7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>95<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_50  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>96<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_8 <br \/> Figure fig_51 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.1.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>97<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_52  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>98<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.2.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.2.1 <br \/> Table tab_9 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.2.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.2.2.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>99<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.2.2.2.2 <br \/> Figure fig_53 <br \/> Figure fig_54 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.2.2.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.2.2.4 <br \/> Figure fig_55  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>100<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.2.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.3.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.3.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.3.2.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.3.2.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>101<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_56 <br \/> Figure fig_57 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.3.2.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.3.2.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>102<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_58 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.4 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.4.1 <br \/> Figure fig_59 <br \/> Table tab_10  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>103<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.2.4.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.4.2.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.4.2.2 <br \/> Figure fig_60  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>104<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.2.4.2.3 <br \/> Figure fig_61 <br \/> Section sec_14.2.4.2.4 <br \/> Figure fig_62  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>105<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.1.1 <br \/> Figure fig_63 <br \/> 14.3\tTypical application TA2: dual channel  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>106<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_11 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.1.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.1.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>107<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3.1.3.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.1.3.2 <br \/> Figure fig_64 <br \/> Figure fig_65  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>108<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3.1.3.3 <br \/> Figure fig_66 <br \/> Figure fig_67  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>109<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3.1.3.4 <br \/> Figure fig_68 <br \/> Figure fig_69  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>110<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3.1.4 <br \/> Figure fig_70 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.2.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>111<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_12 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.2.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.2.2.1 <br \/> Figure fig_71 <br \/> Figure fig_72  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>113<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3.2.2.2 <br \/> Figure fig_73 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.2.2.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.2.2.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>114<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_74 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.3.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.3.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.3.2.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>115<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3.3.2.2 <br \/> Figure fig_75 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.3.2.3 <br \/> Figure fig_76  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>116<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_77 <br \/> Figure fig_78 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.3.2.4 <br \/> Figure fig_79 <br \/> Figure fig_80  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>117<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3.4 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.4.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.4.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.4.2.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.3.4.2.2 <br \/> Figure fig_81  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>118<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.3.4.2.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.4 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.1 <br \/> Figure fig_82 <br \/> 14.4\tTypical application TA3: popular redundant architecture  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>119<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.4.1.1 <br \/> Table tab_13 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.1.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>120<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.4.1.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.1.3.1 <br \/> Figure fig_83 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.1.3.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>121<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_84 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.1.3.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.1.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>122<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.4.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.3.1 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.3.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>123<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_85 <br \/> Figure fig_86  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>124<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_87 <br \/> Figure fig_88  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>125<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_14 <br \/> Section sec_14.4.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>126<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_89 <br \/> Table tab_15  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>127<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.5 <br \/> Section sec_14.5.1 <br \/> Figure fig_90 <br \/> 14.5\tTypical application TA4: multiple safety system  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>128<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.5.2 <br \/> Section sec_14.5.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.5.4 <br \/> Section sec_14.5.4.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>129<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.5.4.2 <br \/> Figure fig_91 <br \/> Figure fig_92  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>130<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.5.4.3 <br \/> Figure fig_93  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>131<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_94  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>132<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.6 <br \/> Section sec_14.6.1 <br \/> Figure fig_95 <br \/> 14.6\tTypical application TA5: emergency depressurization system (EDP)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>133<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_16 <br \/> Table tab_17  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>134<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.6.2 <br \/> Table tab_18  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>135<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_19 <br \/> Section sec_14.6.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>136<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_96 <br \/> Section sec_14.6.3.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>138<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.6.3.2 <br \/> Figure fig_97  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>139<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_98  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>140<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_99 <br \/> Section sec_14.6.3.3 <br \/> Section sec_14.6.3.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>141<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_100  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>142<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_101 <br \/> Figure fig_102  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>143<b><\/td>\n<td>Section sec_14.7 <br \/> 14.7\tConclusion about typical applications  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>144<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_A <br \/> Table tab_A.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0A<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Systems with safety functions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>154<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_B <br \/> Annex sec_B.1 <br \/> Figure fig_B.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0B<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>State analysis and failure classification  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>156<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_B.2 <br \/> Annex sec_B.2 <br \/> Figure fig_B.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>157<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_B.4 <br \/> Annex sec_B.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>158<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_B.5 <br \/> Figure fig_B.6  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>159<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_B.7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>160<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_C <br \/> Figure fig_C.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0C<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Relationship between failure rate, conditional and unconditional failure intensities and failure frequency  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>161<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_C.2 <br \/> Figure fig_C.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>162<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_C.4 <br \/> Figure fig_C.5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>163<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_C.6  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>164<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_C.7 <br \/> Figure fig_C.8  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>165<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_C.9 <br \/> Figure fig_C.10  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>166<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_C.11 <br \/> Figure fig_C.12  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>168<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_D <br \/> Annex sec_D.1 <br \/> Figure fig_D.1 <br \/> Figure fig_D.2 <br \/> Annex\u00a0D<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Broad models for demand mode (reactive) safety systems  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>169<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_D.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>170<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_D.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>171<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_D.5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>172<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_D.6  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>173<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_D.2 <br \/> Figure fig_D.7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>174<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_D.3 <br \/> Figure fig_D.8 <br \/> Figure fig_D.9  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>175<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_E <br \/> Annex sec_E.1 <br \/> Figure fig_E.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0E<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Continuous mode (preventive) safety systems  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>176<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_E.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>177<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_E.2 <br \/> Figure fig_E.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>178<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_F <br \/> Annex sec_F.1 <br \/> Figure fig_.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0F<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Multi-layers safety systems\/multiple safety systems  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>180<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_F.2 <br \/> Figure fig_.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>181<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_G <br \/> Annex sec_G.1 <br \/> Annex sec_G.1.1 <br \/> Annex sec_G.1.2 <br \/> Annex sec_G.1.2.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0G<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Common cause failures  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>182<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_G.1 <br \/> Annex sec_G.1.2.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>183<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_G.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>184<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_G.2 <br \/> Figure fig_G.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>186<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_G.3 <br \/> Figure fig_G.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>188<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_H <br \/> Annex sec_H.1 <br \/> Annex sec_H.2 <br \/> Annex\u00a0H<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>The human factor  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>190<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_H.1 <br \/> Annex sec_H.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>191<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_H.1 <br \/> Annex sec_H.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>192<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_H.2 <br \/> Table tab_H.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>193<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_H.4 <br \/> Figure fig_H.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>194<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I <br \/> Annex sec_I.1 <br \/> Annex sec_I.2 <br \/> Figure fig_I.1 <br \/> Annex sec_I.2.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0I<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Analytical formulae  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>196<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.2.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>197<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_I.2 <br \/> Figure fig_I.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>198<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.2.3 <br \/> Figure fig_I.4 <br \/> Annex sec_I.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>199<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_I.5 <br \/> Annex sec_I.3.1 <br \/> Annex sec_I.3.2 <br \/> Annex sec_I.3.2.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>200<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_I.6 <br \/> Annex sec_I.3.2.2 <br \/> Annex sec_I.3.2.2.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>201<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.3.2.2.2 <br \/> Annex sec_I.3.2.3 <br \/> Figure fig_I.7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>202<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_I.8  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>203<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.3.3 <br \/> Figure fig_I.9  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>204<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_I.10 <br \/> Annex sec_I.3.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>205<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_I.11 <br \/> Figure fig_I.12  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>206<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.3.5 <br \/> Annex sec_I.4 <br \/> Figure fig_I.13  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>207<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.4.1 <br \/> Figure fig_I.14 <br \/> Annex sec_I.4.1.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>208<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.4.1.2 <br \/> Annex sec_I.4.2 <br \/> Annex sec_I.4.3 <br \/> Figure fig_I.15  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>209<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.5 <br \/> Annex sec_I.5.1 <br \/> Annex sec_I.5.2 <br \/> Annex sec_I.5.2.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>210<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.5.2.2 <br \/> Annex sec_I.5.3 <br \/> Annex sec_I.5.3.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>211<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_I.1 <br \/> Annex sec_I.5.3.2 <br \/> Table tab_I.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>212<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_I.5.3.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>214<b><\/td>\n<td>Table tab_I.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>215<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_J <br \/> Annex\u00a0J<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Sequential modelling <br \/> Annex\u00a0J<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Sequential modelling  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>216<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_J.1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>217<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_J.2 <br \/> Figure fig_J.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>218<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_J.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>219<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_J.5 <br \/> Figure fig_J.6  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>220<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_J.7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>221<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_K <br \/> Annex sec_K.1 <br \/> Figure fig_K.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0K<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Overview of calculations with Boolean models <br \/> Annex\u00a0K<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Overview of calculations with Boolean models  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>222<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_K.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>223<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_K.2 <br \/> Figure fig_K.3 <br \/> Figure fig_K.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>224<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_K.5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>225<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_K.3 <br \/> Figure fig_K.6  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>226<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_K.7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>227<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_K.8 <br \/> Annex sec_K.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>228<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_K.9  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>229<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_L <br \/> Annex sec_L.1 <br \/> Figure fig_L.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0L<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Markovian approach <br \/> Annex\u00a0L<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Markovian approach  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>230<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_L.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>231<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>232<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_L.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>233<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>235<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.4 <br \/> Annex sec_L.4 <br \/> Figure fig_L.5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>236<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_L.5 <br \/> Figure fig_L.6  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>237<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.7  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>238<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.8 <br \/> Figure fig_L.9 <br \/> Figure fig_L.10  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>239<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.11 <br \/> Figure fig_L.12  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>240<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.13 <br \/> Figure fig_L.14  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>241<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.15 <br \/> Annex sec_L.6  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>242<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.16 <br \/> Figure fig_L.17  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>243<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.18  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>244<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_L.7 <br \/> Annex sec_L.7.1 <br \/> Figure fig_L.19 <br \/> Annex sec_L.7.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>245<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_L.20  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>246<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_L.8 <br \/> Figure fig_L.21  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>247<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_M <br \/> Annex sec_M.1 <br \/> Figure fig_M.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0M<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Petri net modelling <br \/> Annex\u00a0M<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Petri net modelling  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>248<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_M.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>249<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_M.2 <br \/> Figure fig_M.3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>250<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_M.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>251<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_M.3 <br \/> Figure fig_M.5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>252<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_M.6  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>253<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_M.7 <br \/> Annex sec_M.4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>254<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_M.8 <br \/> Figure fig_M.9  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>256<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_N <br \/> Figure fig_N.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0N<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Monte Carlo simulation approach <br \/> Annex\u00a0N<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Monte Carlo simulation approach  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>257<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_N.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>260<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex sec_O <br \/> Figure fig_O.1 <br \/> Annex\u00a0O<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Numerical uncertainties handling <br \/> Annex\u00a0O<br \/>\n(informative)<\/p>\n<p>Numerical uncertainties handling  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>261<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure fig_O.2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>263<b><\/td>\n<td>Reference ref_1 <br \/> Reference ref_2 <br \/> Reference ref_3 <br \/> Reference ref_4 <br \/> Reference ref_5 <br \/> Reference ref_6 <br \/> Reference ref_7 <br \/> Reference ref_8 <br \/> Reference ref_9 <br \/> Reference ref_10 <br \/> Reference ref_11 <br \/> Reference ref_12 <br \/> Reference ref_13 <br \/> Reference ref_14 <br \/> Reference ref_15 <br \/> Reference ref_16 <br \/> Reference ref_17 <br \/> Reference ref_18 <br \/> Reference ref_19 <br \/> Reference ref_20 <br \/> Reference ref_21 <br \/> Bibliography <br \/> Bibliography  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>264<b><\/td>\n<td>Reference ref_22 <br \/> Reference ref_23 <br \/> Reference ref_24 <br \/> Reference ref_25 <br \/> Reference ref_26 <br \/> Reference ref_27 <br \/> Reference ref_28 <br \/> Reference ref_29 <br \/> Reference ref_30 <br \/> Reference ref_31 <br \/> Reference ref_32 <br \/> Reference ref_33 <br \/> Reference ref_34 <br \/> Reference ref_35 <br \/> Reference ref_36 <br \/> Reference ref_37 <br \/> Reference ref_38 <br \/> Reference ref_39 <br \/> Reference ref_40 <br \/> Reference ref_41 <br \/> Reference ref_42 <br \/> Reference ref_43 <br \/> Reference ref_44 <br \/> Reference ref_45  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>265<b><\/td>\n<td>Reference ref_46 <br \/> Reference ref_47 <br \/> Reference ref_48 <br \/> Reference ref_49 <br \/> Reference ref_50 <br \/> Reference ref_51 <br \/> Reference ref_52 <br \/> Reference ref_53 <br \/> Reference ref_54 <br \/> Reference ref_55 <br \/> Reference ref_56 <br \/> Reference ref_57 <br \/> Reference ref_58 <br \/> Reference ref_59 <br \/> Reference ref_60  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><b>Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Reliability modelling and calculation of safety systems<\/b><\/p>\n<table class=\"shortdes-table\" style=\"width: 100%\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Published By<\/td>\n<td>Publication Date<\/td>\n<td>Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product-category\/publishers\/bsi\/\"><b>BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td>2016<\/td>\n<td>268<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":420626,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[1078,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-420616","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-75-180-01","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/420616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/420626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=420616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=420616"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=420616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}