This document describes methods for preparing sampling plans and certificates, as well as taking samples of solid biofuels, for example, from the place where the raw materials grow, from production plant, from deliveries, e.g. lorry loads, or from stock. It includes both manual and mechanical methods, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either:<\/p>\n
fine (particle sizes up to about 10 mm) and regularly shaped particulate materials that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example, sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
coarse or irregularly shaped particulate materials (particle sizes up to about 200 mm) that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example, wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and straw;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
baled materials, for example, baled straw or grass;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
large pieces (particle sizes above 200 mm) that are either picked manually or automatically;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
vegetable waste, fibrous waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp that has been dewatered;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
thermally treated and densified biomass materials;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
roundwood.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
This document is not applicable to airborne dust from solid biofuels. It may be possible to use this document for other solid biofuels.<\/p>\n
The methods described in this document may be used, for example, when the samples are to be tested for moisture content, ash content, calorific value, bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour and chemical composition.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | Foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 4 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 5 Principle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 6 Establishing a sampling scheme (sampling plan) 6.1 Principle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 6.2 Full sampling plan 6.3 Brief sampling plan 6.4 Division of lots <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 7 Visual inspection 8 Number of increments 8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 8.2 Primary increment variance (Vi) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 8.3 Preparation and testing variance (VPT) 8.4 Overall precision (PL) 8.5 Calculation of number of increments per (sub-) lot <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 9 Calculation of the size of increment 10 Combined sample \u2014 Calculation of the volume of the combined sample <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 11 Sampling equipment 11.1 General 11.2 Equipment for manual sampling 11.2.1 Sampling box for falling-stream <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 11.2.2 Scoops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 11.2.3 Shovels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 11.2.4 Forks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 11.2.5 Grabs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 11.2.6 Probes (thieves) 11.2.7 Pipes (spears) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 11.2.8 Frames 11.2.9 Hooks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 11.2.10 Drills (augers) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 11.3 Equipment for mechanical sampling 11.3.1 Use of coal sampling standards and checking for bias 11.3.2 Falling-stream sampler <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 11.3.3 Cross-belt sampler <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 11.3.4 Mechanical probes 11.3.5 Mechanical drills 12 Sampling in practice 12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 12.2 Methods for sampling stationary material 12.2.1 Sampling from small packages (<50 kg) 12.2.2 Sampling from containers, lorries and wagons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 12.2.3 Sampling from stockpiles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 12.2.4 Sampling from ships and barges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 12.2.5 Sampling from bales 12.3 Methods for sampling moving material 12.3.1 General 12.3.2 Sampling from falling streams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 12.3.3 Sampling from conveyor belts 12.3.4 Sampling from bucket conveyors, drag conveyors, bucket loaders or grabs 12.4 Sampling of roundwood 12.4.1 General method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 12.4.2 Method for fast moisture-content determination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 13 Sample generation for combined samples and laboratory samples 14 Performance characteristics 15 Handling and storage of samples 15.1 Packaging, storing and transport of samples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 15.2 Identification\/labelling 16 Sampling certificates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Model sampling plan and sampling certificate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Sampling from large stockpiles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Bulk densities of solid biofuels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative) Reference values for Vi and VPT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Guidelines for the number of increments to be taken <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative) Quality parameters for various solid biofuels in BIONORM projects and large shipments of wood pellets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | Annex G (informative) Single delivery sampling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | Annex H (informative) Continuous delivery sampling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Solid Biofuels. Sampling<\/b><\/p>\n |