IEEE C57.15-2017

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IEEE/IEC International Standard- Power transformers – Part 21: Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for step-voltage regulators

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2017	148

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Front Cover
3	Title page
4	CONTENTS
11	FOREWORD
13	1 Scope 2 Normative references 2.1 IEC references 2.2 IEEE references
14	2.3 SAE references 3 Terms and definitions
18	4 Use of normative references
19	5 Service conditions 5.1 Usual service conditions 5.1.1 General 5.1.2 Temperature 5.1.3 Altitude 5.1.4 Supply voltage 5.1.5 Load current 5.1.6 Outdoor operation 5.1.7 Tank or enclosure finish
20	5.2 Loading at other than rated conditions 5.3 Unusual service conditions 5.3.1 General 5.3.2 Unusual temperature and altitude conditions 5.3.3 Insulation at high altitude
21	5.3.4 Other unusual service conditions Tables Table 1 – Dielectric strength correction factors for altitudes greater than 1 000 m (3 300 ft)
22	6 Rating data 6.1 Cooling classes of voltage regulators 6.1.1 General 6.1.2 Liquid-immersed (fire point ≤ 300 °C) air-cooled 6.1.3 Liquid-immersed (fire point > 300 °C) air-cooled 6.2 Ratings 6.2.1 General
23	6.2.2 Terms in which rating is expressed 6.2.3 Preferred ratings Table 2 – Limits of temperature-rise
24	Table 3 – Ratings for liquid-immersed 60 Hz step-voltage regulators (single-phase)
25	Table 4 – Ratings for liquid-immersed 50 Hz step-voltage regulators (single-phase)
27	Table 5 – Ratings for liquid-immersed 60 Hz step-voltage regulators (three-phase)
28	6.2.4 Supplementary voltage ratings Table 6 – Ratings for liquid-immersed 50 Hz step-voltage regulators (three-phase) Table 7 – Supplementary voltage ratings
29	6.3 Supplementary continuous-current ratings 6.3.1 General 6.3.2 Optional forced-air ratings Table 8 – Supplementary continuous-current ratings
30	6.4 Taps 6.5 Voltage supply ratios 6.6 Insulation levels Table 9 – Forced-air ratings relationship Table 10 – Values of voltage supply ratios
31	6.7 Losses 6.7.1 General 6.7.2 Total loss 6.7.3 Tolerance for losses 6.7.4 Determination of losses and excitation current Table 11 – Interrelationships of dielectric insulation levels for voltage regulators
32	6.8 Short-circuit requirements 6.8.1 General Table 12 – Values of k
33	6.8.2 Mechanical capability demonstration 6.8.3 Thermal capability of voltage regulators for short-circuit conditions 6.9 Sound pressure level for liquid-immersed voltage regulators Table 13 – Maximum no-load (excitation) sound pressure levels
34	6.10 Tests 6.10.1 General 6.10.2 Routine tests 6.10.3 Type tests
35	7 Construction 7.1 Bushings
36	7.2 External dielectric clearances 7.3 Terminal markings Table 14 – Electrical characteristics of voltage regulator bushings Table 15 – External dielectric clearances
37	7.4 Diagram of connections Figures Figure 1 – Single-phase voltage regulators Figure 2 – Three-phase voltage regulators with two arrangements of bushings
38	7.5 Nameplates
39	7.6 Tank construction 7.6.1 General 7.6.2 Pressure-relief valve 7.6.3 Cover assembly
40	7.6.4 Sudden pressure relay 7.6.5 Lifting lugs 7.6.6 Support lugs
41	Figure 3 – Type-B support lugs
42	7.6.7 Substation bases 7.6.8 Tank grounding provisions Figure 4 – Type-C support lugs
43	7.7 Components and accessories 7.7.1 Components for full automatic control and operation 7.7.2 Accessories for single-phase step-voltage regulators Table 16 – Bushing terminal applications
44	7.7.3 Accessories for three-phase step-voltage regulators 8 Other requirements 8.1 General 8.2 Other components and accessories 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 Single- and three-phase voltage regulators
45	8.2.3 Three-phase voltage regulators 9 Test code 9.1 General 9.2 Resistance measurements 9.2.1 General 9.2.2 Determination of cold temperature
46	9.2.3 Conversion of resistance measurements 9.2.4 Resistance measurement methods Figure 5 – Connections for voltmeter-ammeter method of resistance measurement
47	9.3 Polarity test 9.3.1 General
48	9.3.2 Polarity by inductive kick 9.3.3 Polarity by ratio meter 9.4 Ratio test 9.4.1 General 9.4.2 Taps Figure 6 – Voltage regulator connected for polarity testing –Voltage regulator in Neutral position
49	9.4.3 Voltage and frequency 9.4.4 Three-phase voltage regulators 9.4.5 Tolerance for ratio 9.4.6 Ratio test methods
50	Figure 7 – Voltmeter arranged to read the differencebetween the two output side voltages Figure 8 – Voltmeters arranged to read the two series winding voltages
51	9.5 No-load loss and excitation current 9.5.1 General Figure 9 – Basic circuit of ratio meter
52	9.5.2 No-load loss test Figure 10 – Connection for no-load loss test of single-phase voltage regulator without instrument transformers
53	9.5.3 Waveform correction of no-load loss Figure 11 – Connections for no-load loss test of a single-phase voltage regulator with instrument transformers
54	9.5.4 Test methods for three-phase voltage regulators 9.5.5 Determination of excitation (no-load) current
55	9.5.6 Measurements 9.5.7 Correction of loss measurement due to metering phase-angle errors Figure 12 – Three-phase voltage regulator connections for no-load loss andexcitation current test using three-wattmeter method
56	9.6 Load loss and impedance voltage 9.6.1 General Table 17 – Requirements for phase-angle error correction
57	9.6.2 Factors affecting the values of load loss and impedance voltage
58	9.6.3 Tests for measuring load loss and impedance voltage
59	Figure 13 – Single-phase voltage regulator connections for load loss and impedance voltage test without instrument transformers Figure 14 – Single-phase voltage regulator connections for load loss and impedance voltage test with instrument transformers
60	9.6.4 Calculation of load loss and impedance voltage from test data Figure 15 – Three-phase voltage regulator connections for load loss andimpedance voltage test using the three-wattmeter method
62	9.7 Dielectric tests 9.7.1 General
63	9.7.2 Lightning impulse type test
69	9.7.3 Lightning impulse routine test
71	9.7.4 Applied-voltage test 9.7.5 Induced-voltage test
73	9.7.6 Insulation power factor tests
74	9.7.7 Insulation resistance tests Table 18 – Measurements to be made in insulation power factor tests
75	9.8 On-load tap-changer routine tests 9.8.1 General
76	9.8.2 Mechanical test 9.8.3 Auxiliary circuits insulation test 9.9 Control system routine tests 9.9.1 Applied voltage 9.9.2 Operation 9.10 Temperature-rise test 9.10.1 General
77	9.10.2 Test methods
78	Figure 16 – Example of loading back method: single-phase
79	Figure 17 – Example of loading back method: three-phase
80	9.10.3 Resistance measurements
81	9.10.4 Temperature measurements
84	9.10.5 Correction of temperature-rise test results
85	9.11 Short-circuit test 9.11.1 General 9.11.2 Test connections
86	9.11.3 Test requirements 9.11.4 Test procedure
88	9.11.5 Proof of satisfactory performance
89	9.12 Determination of sound level 9.12.1 General
90	9.12.2 Applicability 9.12.3 Instrumentation 9.12.4 Test conditions
92	9.12.5 Microphone positions Figure 18 – Microphone location for measuring sound level
93	9.12.6 Sound level measurements
94	Table 19 – Ambient sound pressure level correction
95	Table 20 – Approximate values of the average acoustic absorption coefficient
96	Figure 19 – Sound reflection correction factor “K” calculated as per Equation (29)
97	9.12.7 Determination of sound level of a voltage regulator
99	9.12.8 Presentation of results
100	9.13 Calculated data 9.13.1 Reference temperature Figure 20 – Measurements using the sound pressure method Figure 21 – Measurements using the sound intensity method
101	9.13.2 Loss and excitation current 9.13.3 Efficiency 9.13.4 Calculation of winding temperature during a short-circuit
103	9.13.5 Certified test data
104	10 Component tests 10.1 General 10.2 Enclosure integrity 10.2.1 General 10.2.2 Static pressure
105	10.2.3 Dynamic pressure 10.2.4 Type test for fault current capability of a voltage regulator enclosure
106	10.3 On-load tap-changer 10.3.1 General 10.3.2 Type tests
111	10.4 Control system 10.4.1 General
112	10.4.2 Control device construction 10.4.3 Accuracy
114	10.4.4 Type tests Table 21 – Voltage level values for select line-drop compensation
117	Table 22 – Control supply voltage
118	11 Universal interface 11.1 Connection between control enclosure and apparatus
119	11.2 Universal interface connector Figure 22 – Universal interface specification Figure 23 – Socket/pin detail for universal interface
120	Table 23 – Socket pin identification for connector
121	Figure 24 – Universal interface locations
122	Annex A (informative) Unusual temperature and altitude conditions A.1 Unusual temperatures and altitude service conditions A.2 Effects of altitude on temperature-rise A.3 Operation at rated kVA A.4 Operation at less than rated kVA Table A.1 – Maximum allowable average temperature of cooling air for rated kVAa Table A.2 – Rated kVA correction factors for altitudes greater than 1 000 m (3 300 ft)
123	Annex B (informative) Field dielectric tests B.1 Tests on bushings B.2 Dielectric tests in the field
124	Annex C (informative) Step-voltage regulator construction C.1 General Figure C.1 – Basic diagram of single-phase, Type A, step-voltage regulator Figure C.2 – Basic diagram of single-phase, Type B, step-voltage regulator
125	C.2 Type A C.3 Type B Figure C.3 – Type A Figure C.4 – Type B
126	C.4 Series transformer construction C.5 Reactor circuit C.6 Equalizer winding Figure C.5 – Example of series transformer construction
127	Figure C.6 – Equalizer winding and reactor circuitry – Non-bridging tap position Figure C.7 – Equalizer winding and reactor circuitry – Bridging tap position
128	Annex D (informative) Hazards of Bypass off Neutral
129	Figure D.1 – “Bypass off Neutral” power circuit
130	Figure D.2 – Example of “Bypass off Neutral” RMS symmetricalcurrent pattern of a Type A design
131	Figure D.3 – Example of “Bypass off Neutral” RMS symmetrical current pattern of a Type B design
132	Annex E (informative) Overloading of step-voltage regulators
133	Figure E.1 – Example of overload capability by tap position Figure E.2 – Example of Type A load loss vs tap position
134	Figure E.3 – Example of Type B load loss vs tap position Figure E.4 – Tap-changer arc interruption envelope
135	Figure E.5 – Contact wear
136	Annex F (informative) Power capacitor and distributed generation compatibility F.1 Power capacitor application issues F.1.1 General F.1.2 Power circuit for consideration F.1.3 Voltage regulator incorporating line-drop compensation (LDC) in the control Figure F.1 – Power distribution substation and representative distribution feeder
138	Table F.1 – Relevant system voltages and currents with capacitor location
139	F.1.4 Voltage regulator incorporating line current compensation (LCC) in the control F.2 Distributed generation application issues F.2.1 General
140	F.2.2 Control operation with power reversal recognition
141	F.2.3 Power circuit for consideration F.2.4 Distributed generator alternatives Figure F.2 – Power distribution system with distributed generation
142	F.2.5 P-Q summary F.2.6 Example system with distribution generation (DG) Figure F.3 – P-Q diagram quadrant relationships
143	Table F.2 – System and voltage regulator control response with example distributed generation (DG), no line-drop compensation
144	F.2.7 Expanded example, distributed generation mode F.2.8 Caveats F.2.9 Conclusions
145	Bibliography

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Standard Title	IEEE/IEC International Standard- Power transformers – Part 21: Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for step-voltage regulators
Published Code	IEEE
Publication Date	2017
Pages Count	148

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