IEEE C37.99-2012

$98.04

IEEE Guide for the Protection of Shunt Capacitor Banks

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2012	151

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. This guide applies to the protection of shunt power capacitor banks and filter capacitor banks. Included are guidelines for reliable applications of protection methods intended for use in many shunt capacitor applications and designs. The guide does not include the protection of pole mounted capacitor banks on distribution circuits or capacitors connected to rotating machines.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std C37.99-2012 Front Cover
3	Title page
6	Notice to users Laws and regulations Copyrights Updating of IEEE documents Errata
7	Patents
8	Participants
10	Introduction
11	Contents
13	Important Notice 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose
14	2. Normative references
15	3. Definitions
17	4. Basic considerations
19	4.1 Capacitor unit capabilities 4.2 Capacitor unit connections 4.2.1 Externally fused shunt capacitor banks 4.2.2 Internally fused shunt capacitor banks
20	4.2.3 Fuseless shunt capacitor banks 4.2.4 Unfused shunt capacitor banks 4.3 Capacitor bank design 4.3.1 Externally fused shunt capacitor banks
21	4.3.2 Internally fused shunt capacitor banks
22	4.3.3 Fuseless shunt capacitor banks 4.3.4 Unfused shunt capacitor banks 4.4 Overvoltage on remaining capacitor units 4.4.1 Externally fused shunt capacitor banks 4.4.2 Internally fused shunt capacitor banks
23	4.4.3 Fuseless shunt capacitor banks 4.4.4 Unfused shunt capacitor banks 5. Bank connections
24	5.1 Grounded wye–connected banks 5.1.1 One unit phase to ground
25	5.1.2 Multiple units in series phase to ground—single wye 5.1.3 Multiple units in series phase to ground—double wye 5.2 Ungrounded wye—connected banks 5.2.1 One unit phase to neutral
26	5.2.2 Multiple units in series phase to neutral—single wye 5.2.3 Multiple units in series phase to neutral—double wye 5.3 Delta-connected banks
27	5.4 H configuration 6. Other considerations 6.1 Bank grounding 6.2 Neutral grounding
28	7. Introduction to bank and system protection
30	7.1 Bank protection 7.1.1 General fuse requirements (for banks with fuses) 7.1.2 External fuse selection and operation
31	7.1.3 Internal fuse operation
32	7.1.4 Capacitor unbalance protection 7.1.5 Protection for rack faults (arc-over within the capacitor rack)
33	7.2 System protection
34	7.2.1 External arcing 7.2.2 Bank overvoltage protection 7.2.3 Overvoltage protection based on current measurements
35	7.2.4 Bank overcurrent protection 7.2.5 Impedance-based protection
37	7.2.6 Loss of bus voltage
38	7.2.7 Fusing for capacitor bank relaying 7.2.8 Capacitor bank breaker failure protection
39	7.2.9 Surge arrester protection 8. Unbalance relaying methods 8.1 Introduction
40	8.2 Theory of unbalance protection methods
41	8.2.1 Phase voltage differential method
43	8.2.2 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method
46	8.2.3 Unbalance protection for banks grounded through a capacitor
47	8.2.4 Unbalance protection method for bank grounded through a CT with resistive burden
50	8.2.5 Phase current unbalance protection method
52	8.2.6 Neutral current unbalance protection method
53	8.3 General unbalance relay considerations 8.3.1 Inherent bank unbalance, system unbalance, and other sources of error
54	8.3.2 Undetectable failure modes
55	8.3.3 Capacitor bank failures with ambiguous indication
57	8.3.4 Unbalance trip relay considerations
58	8.3.5 Unbalance alarm relay considerations 8.3.6 Comments on various protection schemes 8.3.6.1 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method 8.3.6.1.1 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method for ungrounded wye banks
60	8.3.6.1.2 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method for grounded wye banks
61	8.3.6.1.3 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method for ungrounded double-wye banks
62	8.3.6.2 Neutral current unbalance protection method for double-wye banks
63	8.3.6.3 Voltage differential protection method for grounded-wye banks
64	8.3.6.4 Voltage differential protection in split wye grounded fuseless bank
65	8.3.6.5 Phase current unbalance method
66	8.3.7 Very large capacitor banks 8.3.8 Protection of unbalance relays
67	8.3.9 Current transformers of unbalance relaying 8.4 Externally fused capacitor banks 8.4.1 General considerations 8.4.2 Using the calculated values
68	8.4.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations
69	8.4.4 Unbalance calculations—wye, delta, single, and double banks
75	8.4.5 Unbalance calculations—tap voltage
76	8.4.6 Unbalance calculation—H-bridge
79	8.5 Internally fused capacitor banks 8.5.1 General considerations 8.5.2 Using the calculated values
81	8.5.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations
82	8.5.4 Unbalance calculations—wye, delta, and single-phase banks
86	8.5.5 Unbalance calculations—H-bridge
88	8.5.6 Unbalance calculations—(midpoint) tap
90	8.6 Fuseless capacitor banks 8.6.1 General considerations
92	8.6.2 Using the calculated values
93	8.6.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations
94	8.6.4 Unbalance calculations
96	8.7 Unfused capacitor banks 8.7.1 General considerations
97	8.7.2 Using the calculated values
98	8.7.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations
99	8.7.4 Unbalance calculations
101	9. Protection of capacitor filter banks 9.1 Filter bank protection
102	9.1.1 Overcurrent and overload protection 9.1.2 Ground fault protection
104	9.1.3 Resistor overload protection
105	9.1.4 Overvoltage protection 9.1.5 Capacitor unbalance protection 9.2 Multifrequency harmonic filter protection considerations
107	9.3 Static var compensator (SVC) capacitor protection
108	9.4 SVC filter protection
109	10. Capacitor bank equipment considerations 10.1 Capacitor bank switching devices
111	10.2 Inrush control devices
112	10.3 Surge arresters 10.4 Voltage-sensing devices 10.5 Current-sensing devices
113	10.6 Transient currents
114	10.6.1 Surge protection for current transformers
117	10.6.2 Surge protection of voltage transformer, capacitor-coupled voltage transformers, and resistance potential devices
118	10.6.3 Surge protections of relay systems associated with capacitor banks
119	10.7 Control cables 11. System considerations 11.1 Resonance
121	11.2 Harmonics 11.3 Telephone interface
122	12. Commissioning, operation, and maintenance 12.1 Preparation for initial energizing 12.1.1 Visual and switching device inspection 12.1.2 Capacitance testing 12.1.3 Relay protection testing
123	12.1.4 Special recording 12.1.5 Initial energization 12.1.6 Additional tests (optional)
124	12.2 Response to alarm or lockout (trip) 12.2.1 Oscillographic records 12.2.2 Inspection (after deenergization) 12.2.3 Testing 12.2.4 Capacitor unit removal and replacement 12.2.5 Returning bank to service after lockout 12.2.6 Servicing bank following alarm condition
125	13. Microprocessor-based control and protection schemes
126	Annex A (informative) Bibliography
127	Annex B (informative) Symbol deﬁnition
129	Annex C (informative) Equations for effect of inherent unbalances
130	Annex D (informative) Inrush current and frequency during capacitor bank switching D.1 Energizing an isolated bank with no previous charge D.2 Energizing a bank with another on the same bus with no charge on the bank being switched
131	D.3 Typical values of inductance between capacitor banks
132	Annex E (informative) Unbalance relay setting examples E.1 Grounded wye externally fused bank E.1.1 Technical data/ratings
133	E.1.2 Unbalance calculations (8.4.4)
135	E.2 Ungrounded wye externally fused bank
140	E.3 Grounded wye—fuseless bank
145	E.4 Undergrounded wye fuseless bank