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IEEE C37.110 1996

$30.33

IEEE Guide for the Application of Current Transformers Used for Protective Relaying Purposes

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 1996 63
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New IEEE Standard – Inactive – Superseded. The characteristics and classification of current transformers (cts) used for protective relaying are described. This guide also describes the conditions that cause the ct output to be distorted and the effects on relaying systems of this distortion. The selection and application of cts for the more common protection schemes are also addressed.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Title Page
3 Introduction
Participants
5 CONTENTS
7 1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
2. References
8 3. Definitions
9 4. Current transformer characteristics and classification
10 4.1 Current transformer equivalent circuit and phasor diagrams
11 4.2 Current transformer secondary excitation characteristics
12 4.3 Knee-point voltage
13 4.4 Current transformer accuracy
17 4.5 Dynamic characteristics
21 4.6 The effects of remanence
24 4.7 Fundamental transformer equation
25 5. General application of current transformers
5.1 Current transformer burdens
27 5.2 Ratio selection
5.3 Long-term and short-term thermal ratings
28 5.4 Current transformer secondary output accuracy class voltage
5.5 Connecting current transformers in series
29 5.6 Three-phase connections
5.7 Auxiliary current transformers
30 5.8 Bus configuration
31 5.9 Current transformer location
32 5.10 Minimizing the effects of current transformer saturation
5.11 Determining current transformer steady-state performance using secondary excitation curves
33 6. Effects of current transformer saturation on relays
6.1 Saturation effects of electromechanical relays
6.2 Saturation effects on static relays
6.3 Saturation effects on differential relays
34 6.4 Unbalance current measurement
7. Specific applications of current transformers
7.1 Overcurrent relays
38 7.2 Differential protection
55 7.3 Distance protection
56 7.4 Other types of high-speed protection
57 Annex A—IEC standards on current transformers
59 Annex B—List of IEEE standard C values and burdens
60 Annex C—Remanent flux in current transformers
61 Annex D—Bibliography
IEEE C37.110 1996
$30.33