IEEE 1050 2005

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IEEE Guide for Instrumentation and Control Equipment Grounding in Generating Stations

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IEEE	2005	101

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Revision Standard – Active. Revision of IEEE Std 1050-1996 Instrumentation and control (I&C) equipment grounding methods to achieve both a suitable level of protection for personnel and equipment, and suitable electric noise immunity for signal ground references in generating stations are identified.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Guide for Instrumentation and Control Equipment Grounding in Generating Stations
3	Title page
5	Introduction Notice to users
6	Participants
7	CONTENTS
9	1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose
10	2. Normative references
11	3. Definitions and acronyms 3.1 Definitions
13	3.2 Acronyms
14	4. Design considerations for electrical noise minimization 4.1 Typical noise sources and their characteristics 4.1.1 Natural sources
15	4.1.2 Incidental sources 4.1.2.1 High-voltage switching
16	4.1.2.2 Capacitor bank switching 4.1.2.3 Transmission line switching 4.1.2.4 Coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT)
17	4.1.2.5 Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) 4.1.2.6 Vacuum insulated switchgear (VIS)
18	4.1.2.7 Earth ground voltage differences 4.1.2.8 Current transformers (CTs) 4.1.2.9 Electro-mechanical equipment
19	4.1.2.10 Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs)
20	4.1.2.11 Digital Logic-Based systems (computers, controllers, and related equipment) 4.1.2.12 DC control circuits
21	4.1.2.13 Mechanical vibration 4.1.2.14 Chemical contamination
22	4.1.2.15 Human interaction via electrostatic discharge (ESD)
23	4.1.2.16 Cable resonance
24	4.1.2.17 Reflections and traveling waves
25	4.1.2.18 Power circuit inrush current 4.1.2.19 Other incidental sources
26	4.1.3 Intentional sources 4.2 Noise-coupling methods 4.2.1 Characteristics of electromagnetic fields 4.2.2 Common impedance coupling
27	4.2.3 Capacitive coupling (electric)
28	4.2.4 Inductive coupling
29	4.2.5 Radiation coupling
30	4.2.6 Interference modes 4.2.6.1 Common-mode interference
31	4.2.6.2 Differential-mode (DM) interference
32	4.2.6.3 Crosstalk 4.3 Techniques for electrical noise minimization 4.3.1 Suppression at the source 4.3.1.1 Suppression of noise generated by solenoid, relay, or contactor coils
33	4.3.1.2 Suppression of SCRs, dc motor or generator brushes, and alternator slip-rings 4.3.1.3 Suppression of input signal noise
34	4.3.2 Positioning and isolating control cables 4.3.2.1 Cable routing
35	4.3.2.2 Physical separation
36	4.3.3 Shielding
37	4.3.3.1 Electronic equipment shielding
39	4.3.3.2 Cable shielding
40	4.3.4 Grounding
41	4.3.5 Filters
42	4.3.5.1 AC power filters
43	4.3.5.2 Filtering of grounding conductors 4.3.5.3 CM filtering
44	4.3.6 Other noise minimization techniques 4.3.6.1 Signal Isolation transformers 4.3.6.2 Power isolation transformers 4.3.6.3 Ground current neutralizing transformers
45	4.3.6.4 Differential amplifiers 4.3.6.5 Increase the signal-to-noise ratio 4.3.6.6 Optically-coupled circuits 4.3.6.7 Fiber optic cables 4.3.6.8 Surge arresters
47	4.3.7 Summary of EMI minimization techniques classified by coupling mechanism 4.3.7.1 Common impedance coupling
48	4.3.7.2 Capacitive coupling 4.3.7.3 Inductive coupling 4.3.7.4 Radiation coupling 4.3.7.5 Common-mode rejection techniques
49	5. I&C system grounding 5.1 Grounding philosophy 5.1.1 Principal objectives
50	5.1.2 Generating station grounding system 5.2 Types of signal ground systems
51	5.2.1 Single-point ground system
52	5.2.1.1 Cabinets in close proximity
53	5.2.1.2 Cabinets that are widely separated
54	5.2.2 Multiple-point ground system
55	5.2.3 Floating ground system
56	5.3 Separation criteria for circuits
57	5.4 I&C system power considerations 5.5 Surge protection considerations 5.5.1 Power supply circuits
58	5.5.2 Instrumentation and control circuits 5.6 Other grounding considerations 5.6.1 Equipment safety grounds (mechanical, frame) 5.6.2 Ground conductor lengths
59	5.6.3 Generating station-to-substation interconnect 5.6.4 CT, VT, and CCVT grounding 5.6.5 Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) 5.6.6 Conduit and cable tray grounding
60	5.7 Generating station EMI environment
61	6. Signal cable shield grounding 6.1 Cable shield requirements 6.2 Analysis of shield grounding practices 6.2.1 Shielding for electrostatic coupling
63	6.2.2 Shielding for inductive coupling
64	6.2.3 Unshielded twisted pair circuit grounded at a single point
65	6.2.4 Shielded twisted pair circuit grounded at a single point
67	6.2.5 Shielded circuit grounded at both ends
69	6.2.6 Shielded circuit grounded at multiple points 6.2.7 Achieving the advantages of grounding a shield both at only one ends and at both ends
70	6.2.8 Double shielding
71	6.2.9 Balanced circuits
72	6.2.10 Coaxial cable
73	6.3 Other cable shielding considerations
75	6.4 Comparison of cable shielding effectiveness
76	6.5 Common practices in shielding cables for distributed control and programmable logic controller circuits 6.5.1 Analog signals
77	6.5.1.1 Analog inputs powered by a DCS or PLC 6.5.1.2 Analog inputs powered by an external source 6.5.1.3 Analog voltage and current transformer inputs 6.5.1.4 Analog outputs powered by a DCS or PLC 6.5.2 Digital (dry contact change of state) signals
78	6.5.2.1 Digital inputs wetted by the DCS or PLC 6.5.2.2 Digital inputs wetted by an external device 6.5.2.3 Digital outputs wetted by the DCS or PLC 6.5.2.4 Digital outputs wetted by an external device 6.5.3 Data highway/digital communication 6.6 Central distribution frame (CDF) grounding practice
79	6.6.1 Principles of CDF grounding 6.6.2 Auxiliary computer CDF grounding 7. Testing 7.1 General
80	7.2 Sources of galvanic (conductive) ground loops 7.3 Galvanic ground loop prevention and detection
81	7.4 Testing for ground loops
83	7.5 Signal ground system integrity 7.6 Maintenance of the signal ground system
84	Annex A—Bibliography
87	Annex B—Conformance with local safety codes
88	Annex C—Examples of I&C grounding methods

Additional information

Standard Title	IEEE Guide for Instrumentation and Control Equipment Grounding in Generating Stations
Published Code	IEEE
Publication Date	2005
Pages Count	101

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