IAPMO USEHC 2015 1stPrinting
$34.67
Uniform Solar Energy Hydronic Code
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| IAPMO | 2015 | 141 |
View Full-Size Image Regular price: 4.00 Member price: 1.20 Click to become a member and save 2015 Uniform Solar Energy Hydronic Code The Uniform Solar Energy and Hydronics Code is a model code developed by IAPMO to govern the installation and inspection of solar, hydronic, and geothermal energy systems as a means of promoting the public’s health, safety and welfare. Published previously as the Uniform Solar Energy Code, the 2015 edition adds significant provisions concerning hydronic and geothermal systems. Key provisions of the 2015 USEHC and changes from the 2012 edition include: • New condensates waste and control provisions for condensate-producing equipment and appliances • New alternative engineering design provisions • New provisions for the accessibility, attic, and underfloor installation, and roof installation of appliances and equipment used in a solar energy, hydronic, and geothermal energy systems ? New hydronics chapter provides minimum requirements for the capacity of heat sources, heating appliances and equipment, piping, joints and connections, system controls, space heating, steam systems, radiant heating and cooling, auxiliary systems, snow melt systems, and the installation, testing and inspection of hydronic systems • New solar thermal provisions, such as materials, solar collectors, freeze and overheat protection, drainback, thermosiphon, and pressure testing • New geothermal energy systems chapter provides minimum requirements for groundwater systems, ground-heat exchanger design, heat exchangers, heat pumps and distribution design, and the installation of geothermal energy systems • New duct systems chapter provides minimum requirements for ducts used for conveying air for heating and cooling of spaces • New electrical provisions for the installation of solar photovoltaic systems based on NFPA 70-2014 IAPMO first developed and published the Uniform Solar Energy Code in 1976 in response to a growing interest in residential and commercial solar energy systems. Just like the 2009 and 2012 editions of this code, the 2015 USEHC was developed using the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-accredited open consensus process.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 2 | Preface |
| 4 | Important Notices and Disclaimers Updating IAPMO Codes |
| 5 | Foreword Origin and Development |
| 6 | Adoption Revision Markings |
| 7 | Format of the Uniform Solar Energy and Hydronics Code |
| 10 | Sample Legislation for Adoption of the Uniform Solar Energy and Hyrdronics Code |
| 11 | Committee on Uniform Solar Energy and Hydronics Code |
| 12 | Section Relocation |
| 14 | Table of Contents Chapter 1 Administration Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 General Regulations |
| 16 | Chapter 4 Hydronics |
| 17 | Chapter 5 Solar Thermal Systems |
| 18 | Chapter 6 Thermal Storage Chapter 7 Geothermal Energy Systems |
| 19 | Chapter 8 Duct Systems Chapter 9 Solar Photovoltaic Systems |
| 21 | Chapter 10 Referenced Standards Appendices Table of Contents Appendix A Engineered Solar Energy Systems Appendix B Solar Photovoltaic System Installation Guidelines Appendix C Supplemental Checklist for Solar Photovoltaic Systems Useful Tables Index |
| 22 | Chapter 1 Administration 101.0 General. 101.1 Title. 101.2 Scope. 101.3 Purpose. 101.4 Unconstitutional. 101.5 Validity. 102.0 Applicability. 102.1 Conflicts Between Codes. 102.2 Existing Installation. 102.3 Maintenance. 102.4 Additions, Alterations, Renovations, or Repairs. 102.5 Health and Safety. 102.6 Changes in Building Occupancy. 102.7 Moved Structures. 102.8 Appendices. 103.0 Duties and Powers of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 103.1 General. TABLE |
| 23 | 103.2 Liability. 103.3 Applications and Permits. 103.3.1 Licensing. 103.4 Right of Entry. 104.0 Permits. 104.1 Permits Required. 104.2 Exempt Work. 104.3 Application for Permit. 104.3.1 Construction Documents. |
| 24 | 104.3.2 Plan Review Fees. 104.3.3 Time Limitation of Application. 104.4 Permit Issuance. 104.4.1 Approved Plans or Construction Documents. 104.4.2 Validity of Permit. 104.4.3 Expiration. 104.4.4 Extensions. |
| 25 | 104.4.5 Suspension and Revocation. 104.4.6 Retention of Plans. 104.5 Fees. 104.5.1 Work Commencing Before Permit Issuance. 104.5.2 Investigation Fees. 104.5.3 Fee Refunds. 105.0 Inspections and Testing. 105.1 General. 105.2 Required Inspection. 105.2.1 Uncovering. 105.2.2 Other Inspections. 105.2.3 Inspection Requests. |
| 26 | 105.2.4 Advance Notice. 105.2.5 Responsibility. 105.2.6 Reinspections. 105.3 Testing of Systems. 105.3.1 Defective Systems. 105.3.2 Retesting. 105.3.3 Approval. 105.4 Connection to Service Utilities. 106.0 Violations and Penalties. 106.1 General. 106.2 Notices of Correction or Violation. 106.3 Penalties. 106.4 Stop Orders. 106.5 Authority to Disconnect Utilities in Emergencies. |
| 27 | 106.6 Authority to Condemn. 107.0 Board of Appeals. 107.1 General. 107.2 Limitations of Authority. |
| 28 | Table 104.5 System Permit Fees |
| 30 | Chapter 2 Definitions 201.0 General. 201.1 Applicability. 202.0 Definition of Terms. 202.1 General. 202.2 Terms Defined in Other Documents. 203.0 – A – 204.0 – B – |
| 31 | 205.0 – C – |
| 32 | 206.0 – D – 207.0 – E – |
| 33 | 208.0 – F – 209.0 – G – 210.0 – H – |
| 34 | 211.0 – I – 212.0 – J – 213.0 – K – 214.0 – L – |
| 35 | 215.0 – M – 216.0 – N – 217.0 – O – 218.0 – P – |
| 36 | 219.0 – Q – 220.0 – R – 221.0 – S – |
| 37 | 222.0 – T – 223.0 – U – 224.0 – V – 225.0 – W – 226.0 – X – 227.0 – Y – 228.0 – Z – |
| 38 | Chapter 3 General Regulations 301.0 General. 301.1 Applicability. 302.0 Materials – Standards and Alternates. 302.1 Minimum Standards. 302.1.1 Marking. 302.1.2 Standards. 302.1.3 Existing Buildings. 302.2 Alternate Materials and Methods of Construction Equivalency. 302.2.1 Testing. 302.2.1.1 Tests. 302.2.1.2 Request by Authority Having Jurisdiction. 302.3 Flood Hazard Areas. 302.3.1 Coastal High Hazard Areas. TABLES |
| 39 | 302.3.2 Flood Resistant Materials. 302.4 Alternative Engineered Design. 302.4.1 Permit Application. 302.4.2 Technical Data. 302.4.3 Design Documents. 302.4.4 Design Approval. 302.4.5 Design Review. 302.4.6 Inspection and Testing. 303.0 Iron Pipe Size (IPS) Pipe. 303.1 General. 304.0 Accessibility for Service. 304.1 General. 304.2 Access to Equipment and Appliances on Roofs. 304.2.1 Access. 304.2.2 Access Type. 304.2.3 Permanent Ladders. |
| 40 | 304.2.4 Permanent Lighting. 304.2.5 Sloped Roof. 304.3 Appliances in Attics and Under-Floor Spaces. 304.3.1 Length of Passageway. 304.3.2 Width of Passageway. 304.3.3 Work Platform. 304.3.4 Lighting and Convenience Outlet. 304.4 Equipment and Appliances on Roofs. 304.4.1 Load Capacity. 304.4.2 Fasteners. 304.4.3 Installation of Equipment and Appliances on Roofs. 304.4.4 Clearance. 304.4.5 Electrical Power. 304.4.6 Platform or Walkway. 305.0 Installation. 305.1 Listed Appliances. 305.2 Dissimilar Metals. 305.3 Direction of Flow. 305.4 Changes in Direction. |
| 41 | 305.5 Improper Location. 305.6 Insulation. 305.7 Drainage Pan. 305.8 Anchorage. 305.9 Structural Design Loads. 305.10 Location. 305.11 Ownership. 306.0 Workmanship. 306.1 Engineering Practices. 306.2 Concealing Imperfections. 306.3 Burred Ends. 306.4 Installation Practices. 306.4.1 On-Site. 307.0 Labeling. 307.1 Fuel-Burning Appliances. 307.2 Electric Heating Appliances. 307.3 Heat Pump and Electric Cooling Appliances. |
| 42 | 307.4 Absorption Units. 308.0 Condensate Wastes and Control. 308.1 Condensate Disposal. 308.1.1 Condensate Pumps. 308.2 Condensate Control. 308.2.1 Protection of Appurtenances. 308.3 Condensate Waste Pipe Material and Sizing. Table 308.3 Minimum Condensate Pipe Size |
| 43 | 308.3.1 Cleanouts. 308.4 Appliance Condensate Drains. 308.5 Point of Discharge. 308.6 Condensate Waste From Air-Conditioning Coils. 308.7 Plastic Fittings. 309.0 Safety Requirements. 309.1 Welding. 309.2 Spark or Flame. 309.3 Hazardous Heat-Transfer Mediums. 309.4 Discharge. 310.0 Circulators. 310.1 General. 310.2 Mounting. 310.3 Sizing. 310.4 Drainback Systems. 310.5 Pumps Used in Parallel. 310.6 Cavitation. 310.7 Materials. 310.8 Operation. 311.0 Safety Devices. 311.1 General. |
| 44 | 311.2 Pressurized Vessels. 311.3 Discharge Piping. 311.4 Vacuum Relief Valves. 311.5 Temperature Regulation. 312.0 Valves. 312.1 General. 312.2 Where Required. 312.3 Heat Exchanger. 312.4 Pressure Vessels. 312.5 Pressure Reducing Valves. 312.6 Equipment, Components, and Appliances. 312.7 Expansion Tanks. 312.8 Flow Balancing Valves. 312.8.1 Location. 312.9 Control Valves. 312.9.1 Mixing or Temperature Control Valves. 312.10 Thermosiphoning. 312.11 Air Removal Device or Air Vents. 312.12 Closed Loop Systems. 312.13 Fullway Valves. 312.14 Accessible. 313.0 Heat Exchangers. 313.1 General. |
| 45 | 314.0 Unlawful Connections. 314.1 Prohibited Installation. 315.0 Electrical. 315.1 Wiring. 315.2 Controls. 315.3 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. 316.0 Disposal of Liquid Waste. 316.1 General. 316.2 Connections to Drainage System Required. 316.3 Drainage. 316.4 Nonpotable Discharge. 317.0 Hangers and Supports. 317.1 General. 317.2 Material. 317.3 Suspended Piping. 317.4 Alignment. 317.5 Underground Installation. 317.6 Hanger Rod Sizes. Table 317.6 Hanger Rod Sizes |
| 46 | 317.7 Strength. 318.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures. 318.1 General. 318.2 Installation. 318.3 Fire-Resistant Construction. Table 317.3 Hangers and Supports |
| 47 | 318.4 Waterproofing of Openings. 318.5 Steel Nail Plates. 318.6 Sleeves. 318.6.1 Building Loads. 318.6.2 Exterior Walls. 318.7 Firewalls. 318.8 Structural Members. 318.9 Rodentproofing. 318.10 Metal Collars. 319.0 Protection of System Components. 319.1 Materials. 319.2 Corrosion. 319.3 Mechanical Damage. 320.0 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill. 320.1 Trenches. 320.2 Tunneling and Driving. 320.3 Open Trenches. 320.4 Excavations. 321.0 Abandonment. 321.1 General. 321.2 Storage Tank. 322.0 Other Systems. 322.1 General. |
| 48 | Chapter 4 Hydronics 401.0 General. 401.1 Applicability. 401.2 Insulation. 401.3 Water Hammer Protection. 401.4 Manifolds. 401.5 Heat Emitters. 401.6 Mechanical Devices. 401.7 Flexible Connectors. 402.0 Protection of Potable Water Supply. 402.1 Prohibited Sources. 402.2 Protection of Potable Water. 402.3 Compatibility. 403.0 Capacity of Heat Source. 403.1 Heat Source. 403.2 Dual Purpose Water Heater. 403.3 Tankless Water Heater. 404.0 Identification of Piping Systems. 404.1 General. 404.2 Color and Information. 404.3 Potable Water. TABLES Table 403.2 Water Heaters |
| 49 | 404.4 Nonpotable Water. 404.5 Location of Piping Identification. 404.6 Flow Directions. 404.7 Heat Transfer Medium. 405.0 Installation, Testing, and Inspection. 405.1 Operating Instructions. 405.2 Pressure Testing. 405.3 Flushing. 405.4 Oxygen Diffusion Corrosion. 406.0 Heating Appliances and Equipment. 406.1 General. 406.2 Boilers. 406.2.1 Condensing Boilers. 406.2.2 Noncondensing Boilers. 406.3 Dual-Purpose Water Heaters. 406.3.1 Temperature Limitations. 406.4 Solar Heat Collector Systems. 407.0 Expansion Tanks. 407.1 Where Required. Table 404.3 Minimum Length of Color Field and Size of Letters |
| 50 | 407.2 Systems with Closed Expansion Tanks. 407.3 Systems with Open Expansion Tanks. 408.0 Materials. 408.1 Pipe, Tube, Tubing and Fittings. 408.2 Expansion and Contraction. 408.3 Hangers and Supports. 409.0 Joints and Connections. 409.1 General. 409.2 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipe. 409.3 Copper or Copper Alloy Pipe and Tubing. |
| 51 | Table 408.1 Materials for Hydronics and Solar Thermal System, Piping, Tubing, and Fittings |
| 52 | 409.4 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe. 409.5 Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) Pipe. 409.6 Ductile Iron Pipe. 409.7 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe/Tubing. |
| 53 | 409.8 Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-ALPE). 409.9 Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT). 409.10 Polypropylene (PP) Pipe. 409.11 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe. 409.12 Steel Pipe and Tubing. |
| 54 | 409.13 Joints Between Various Materials. 409.13.1 Copper or Copper Alloy Pipe or Tubing to Threaded Pipe Joints. 409.13.2 Plastic Pipe to other Materials. 410.0 System Controls. 410.1 Water Temperature Controls. 410.2 Radiant Floor Heating Panels. 410.3 Operating Steam Controls. 410.3.1 Water-Level Controls. 410.4 Occupied Spaces. 410.5 Return-Water Low-Temperature Protection. 410.6 Simultaneous Operation. 410.7 Temperature Reading. 411.0 Pressure and Flow Controls. 411.1 Balancing. 411.2 Low-Water Control. 411.3 Flow-Sensing Devices. 411.4 Automatic Makeup Water. |
| 55 | 411.5 Differential Pressure Regulation. 411.5.1 Differential Pressure Bypass Valve. 411.6 Air-Removal Device. 411.7 Air-Separation Device. 411.8 Secondary Loops. 412.0 Hydronic Space Heating. 412.1 General. 412.2 Installation. 412.3 Freeze Protection. 412.4 Balancing. 412.5 Heat Transfer Medium. 413.0 Steam Systems. 413.1 Steam Traps. 413.2 Sloping for Two-Pipe System. 413.3 Sloping for One-Pipe System. 413.4 Automatic Air Vents. 413.5 Condensate Flow. 413.6 Steam-Distribution Piping. 414.0 Radiant Heating and Cooling. 414.1 Installation. 414.2 Radiant Under-Floor Heating. 414.3 Chilled Water Systems. 414.4 Dehumidification. 414.5 Tube Placement. |
| 56 | 414.6 Poured Floor Systems (Thermal Mass). 414.6.1 Slab Penetration Tube and Joint Protection. 414.6.2 Insulation. 414.7 Joist Systems and Subfloors. 414.8 Wall and Ceiling Panels. 414.9 Radiant Heating and Cooling Panels. 414.9.1 Electric Heating Panel Systems. 414.9.2 Radiant Wall and Ceiling Panels. 415.0 Indirect-Fired Domestic Hot-Water Storage Tanks. 415.1 General. Table 414.5 Maximum Length of Continuous Tubing from a Supply-and-Return Manifold Arrangement |
| 57 | 416.0 Auxiliary Systems. 416.1 General. 416.2 Use of Chemical Additives and Corrosive Fluids. 416.3 Snow Melt. 416.3.1 Tube Placement. 416.3.2 Poured Concrete Slab Systems (Thermal Mass). 416.3.3 Slab Penetration Tube and JointProtection. 416.3.4 Concrete Slab Preparation. 416.3.5 Insulation. 416.3.6 Testing. TABLE 416.3.1 Loop Lengths for Snow Melt Systems |
| 58 | 416.4 Hydronic Makeup Air Units. 417.0 Piping Installation. 417.1 General. 417.2 Embedded Piping and Joints. 417.2.1 Steel Pipe. 417.2.2 Copper Tubing. 417.2.3 Plastics. 417.3 Pressure Tested. 417.4 System Drainage. 417.5 Clearance to Combustibles. |
| 60 | Chapter 5 Solar Thermal Systems 501.0 General. 501.1 Applicability. 501.2 Connections. 501.3 Stagnation Condition. 501.4 Draining. 501.5 Materials. 501.5.1 Plastic. 501.5.2 Combustible Materials. 501.5.3 Adhesives. 501.5.4 Potable Water. 501.5.5 Racks. 501.5.6 Fasteners. 501.6 Thermosiphon Systems. 501.7 Drainback Systems. 501.8 Auxiliary Heating. 501.9 Automatic Air Vents. 501.10 Waterproofing. 501.11 Protection. 501.12 Freeze Protection. 501.12.1 Antifreeze. 501.12.2 Drainback. 501.12.3 Integral Collector Storage. 501.12.4 Indirect Thermosiphon. TABLES |
| 61 | 501.12.5 Air Heating Systems. 501.12.6 Labeling. 501.12.7 Piping. 501.13 Circulators. 501.14 Protection Against Decay. 501.15 Flash Points. 501.16 Storage Tanks. 502.0 Solar Collectors. 502.1 General. 502.1.1 Construction. 502.2 Fire Safety Requirements. 502.3 Flat Plate Glass. 502.4 Air Collectors. 502.4.1 Testing. 502.5 Installation. 502.5.1 Roof Installations. 502.5.2 Above or On the Roof. 502.5.3 Ground Installations. 502.5.4 Wall Mounted. 502.5.5 Access. 502.5.6 Orientation. |
| 62 | 502.6 Listing. 503.0 Insulation. 503.1 General. 503.2 Heat Loss. 503.3 Piping. 503.4 Fittings. 503.5 Installation. 503.5.1 Exterior Applications. 503.6 Ducts. 504.0 Testing. 504.1 Piping. 504.2 System Requirements. 504.2.1 Direct (Open Loop) Systems. 504.2.2 Indirect (Closed Loop) Systems. 505.0 Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs. 505.1 Water Chemistry. Table 503.3(1) Minimum Pipe Insulation |
| 63 | 505.2 Parameters. 505.3 Filter. 505.3.1 Location. 505.4 Corrosion Resistant. Table 505.2 Water Chemistry |
| 64 | Table 503.3(2) Iron Pipe and Copper Tubing Insulation Thickness |
| 65 | Table 503.3(3) Universal Pipe Insulation Thickness Based on Radius and Iron Pipe Size (IPS) |
| 66 | Table 503.3(4) Design Values for Thermal Conductivity (k) of Industrial Insulation |
| 67 | Table 503.6 Insulation of Ducts |
| 68 | Chapter 6 Thermal Storage 601.0 General. 601.1 Applicability. 601.2 Test Pressure for Storage Tanks. 601.2.1 Pressure Type. 601.2.2 Atmospheric-Type. 601.3 Storage Tank Connectors. 602.0 Insulation. 602.1 Thickness. 603.0 Storage Tanks. 603.1 Plans. 603.2 Atmospheric Tanks. 603.2.1 Overflow. 603.2.2 Makeup Water. 603.2.3 Draining. 603.3 Prefabricated Tanks. 603.4 Separate Storage Tanks. 603.4.1 Isolation. 603.5 Underground Tanks. 603.6 Pressure Vessels. 603.7 Devices. 603.7.1 Safety Devices. TABLES Table 602.1 Minimum Tank Insulation |
| 69 | 603.8 Tank Covers. 604.0 Materials. 604.1 General. 604.2 Construction. 604.3 Concrete. 604.4 Metal Tanks. 604.5 Filler Metal. 605.0 Expansion Tanks. 605.1 Where Required. 605.2 Systems with Open Type Expansion Tanks. 605.3 Closed-Type Systems. 605.4 Minimum Capacity of Closed-Type Tank. 606.0 Dry Storage Systems. 606.1 Waterproofing. 606.2 Detecting Water Intrusion. |
| 70 | 606.3 Rock as Storage Material. 606.4 Odor and Particulate Control. 606.5 Combustibles Within Ducts or Plenums. Table 605.4(1) Expansion Tank Capacities for Gravity Hot Water Systems Table 605.4(2) Expansion Tank Capacities for Forced Hot Water Systems |
| 72 | Chapter 7 Geothermal Energy Systems 701.0 General. 701.1 Applicability. 701.1.1 Prior to Construction. 701.1.2 Equipment, Accessories, Components, and Materials. 701.2 Construction Documents. 701.3 Site Survey. 701.4 Decommissioning and Abandonment. 702.0 Groundwater Systems. 702.1 General. 702.1.1 Test Wells. 702.1.2 Installation of Water Wells. 703.0 Design of Systems. 703.1 Ground-Heat Exchanger Design. 703.2 Installation Practices. |
| 73 | 703.3 Verification. 703.4 Vertical Bores. 703.4.1 Backfill. 703.4.2 U-Bends and Header. 703.5 Underground Piping and Submerged Materials. 703.5.1 Polyethylene (PE). 703.5.1.1 Joining Methods for Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing. 703.5.2 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX). 703.5.2.1 Joining Methods for Cross-Linked Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing. |
| 74 | 703.6 DX Systems. 703.7 Indoor Piping. 704.0 Installation. 704.1 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill. 704.2 Trenches, Tunneling, and Driving. 704.3 Excavations and Open Trenches. 704.4 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures. 704.5 Sleeves. 704.6 Steel Nail Plates. 705.0 Specific System Components Design. 705.1 Heat Exchangers. 705.2 Heat-Transfer Medium. 705.3 On Site Storage. 705.4 Insulation. |
| 75 | 706.0 Ground-Heat Exchanger Testing. 706.1 Testing. 706.2 DX System Testing. 707.0 Heat Pump and Distribution System Design. 707.1 General. 707.2 Heat Pump Distribution System. 707.3 Circulating Pumps. 707.4 Heat Pump and Distribution System Installation. 708.0 System Start-Up. 708.1 General. 708.2 Operation and Maintenance Manual. |
| 76 | Chapter 8 Duct Systems 801.0 General. 801.1 Applicability. 801.2 Sizing Requirements. 802.0 Material. 802.1 General. 802.2 Combustibles within Ducts or Plenums. 802.2.1 Electrical. 802.2.2 Fire Sprinkler Piping. 802.2.3 Pneumatic Tubing. 802.2.4 Loudspeakers and Recessed Lighting. 802.2.5 Discrete Products in Plenums. 802.3 Factory-Made Air Ducts. 802.4 Metal. 802.5 Existing Metal Ducts. 802.6 Gypsum. |
| 77 | 802.7 Corridors. 803.0 Installation of Ducts. 803.1 General. 803.2 Under Floor or Crawl Space. 803.3 Metal Ducts. 803.3.1 Rectangular Ducts. 803.3.2 Horizontal Round Ducts. 803.3.2.1 Tight-Fitting Around the Perimeter. 803.3.2.2 Size of Circular Bands. 803.3.2.3 Connection. 803.3.3 Earthquake Loads. 803.4 Factory-Made Air Ducts and Connectors. 803.4.1 Length Limitation. 803.5 Flexible Air Ducts and Connectors. 803.6 Joints and Seams of Ducts. 803.7 Protection of Ducts. |
| 78 | 803.8 Support of Ducts. 803.9 Vibration Isolators. 803.10 Protection Against Flood Damage. 803.11 Cross Contamination. 803.12 Underground Installation. 803.12.1 Plastic Ducts. 804.0 Insulation of Ducts. 804.1 General. 804.1.1 Within Ducts or Plenums. 804.1.2 Duct Coverings and Linings. 805.0 Smoke Dampers, Fire Dampers, and Ceiling Dampers. 805.1 Smoke Dampers. 805.2 Fire Dampers. |
| 79 | 805.3 Ceiling Radiation Dampers. 805.4 Multiple Arrangements. 805.5 Access and Identification. 805.6 Freedom from Interference. 805.7 Temperature Classification of Operating Elements. 806.0 Ventilating Ceilings. 806.1 General. 806.2 Requirements. 807.0 Use of Under-Floor Space as Supply Plenum for Dwelling Units. 807.1 General. 807.2 Dwelling Units. 807.3 Enclosed. 807.4 Flammable Materials. 807.5 Access. 807.6 Automatic Control. 807.7 Temperature Limit. 807.8 Noncombustible Receptacle. 807.8.1 Location. 807.8.2 Area. 807.8.3 Perimeter. 807.9 Floor Registers. 807.10 Exterior Wall and Interior Stud Partitions. 807.11 Wall Register. |
| 80 | 807.12 Distances from Combustible. 807.13 Vapor Barrier. 807.14 Prohibited. 808.0 Automatic Shutoffs. 808.1 Air-Moving Systems and Smoke Detectors. |
| 82 | Chapter 9 Solar Photovoltaic Systems 901.0 General. 901.1 Electrical Wiring and Equipment. 901.2 Applicability. 901.3 Other Articles. 901.4 Output Characteristics. 901.5 Interrupting and Short-Circuit Current Rating. TABLES FIGURES Figure 901.2(1) Identification of Solar Photovoltaic System Components Figure 901.2(2) Identification of Solar Photovoltaic System Components in Common System Configurations |
| 83 | 901.6 Ground-Fault Protection. 901.7 Synchronous Generators. 902.0 General Requirements. 902.1 Photovoltaic Systems. 902.2 Equipment. 902.3 Qualified Personnel. 902.4 Multiple Inverters. 902.5 Photovoltaic Modules/Panels/Shingles. 903.0 Ground-Fault Protection. 903.1 General. 903.2 Ground-Fault Detection and Interruption. 903.3 Isolating Faulted Circuits. 903.4 Labels and Markings. 903.4.1 Field-Applied Hazard Markings. |
| 84 | 903.4.2 Format. 904.0 Alternating-Current (ac) Modules. 904.1 Photovoltaic Source Circuits. 904.2 Inverter Output Circuit. 904.3 Disconnecting Means. 904.4 Overcurrent Protection. 905.0 Circuit Requirements. 905.1 Maximum Photovoltaic System Voltage. 905.2 Direct-Current Utilization Circuits. 905.2.1 Occupancy Limitation. 905.2.2 One Hundred Twenty Volts Between Conductors. Table 905.1 Voltage Correction Factors for Crystalline and Multicrystalline Silicon Modules |
| 85 | 905.2.3 Two Hundred Seventy Seven Volts to Ground. 905.2.4 Six Hundred Volts Between Conductors. 905.2.5 Over 600 Volts Between Conductors. 905.2.6 Infrared Lamp Industrial Heating Appliances. 905.3 Photovoltaic Source and Output Circuits. 905.4 Circuits Over 150 Volts to Ground. 905.5 Bipolar Source and Output Circuits. 905.6 Disconnects and Overcurrent Protection. |
| 86 | 905.7 Live Parts Guarded Against Accidental Contact. 905.8 Prevent Physical Damage. 905.9 Warning Signs. 906.0 Circuit Sizing and Current. 906.1 Calculation of Maximum Circuit Current. 906.2 Conductor Ampacity. 906.3 Systems with Multiple Direct-Current Voltages. 906.4 Sizing of Module Interconnection Conductors. 907.0 Overcurrent Protection. 907.1 Circuits and Equipment. |
| 87 | 907.2 Overcurrent Device Ratings. 907.3 Direct-Current Rating. 907.4 Photovoltaic Source and Output Circuits. 907.5 Series Overcurrent Protection. 907.6 Power Transformers. 908.0 Stand-Alone Systems. 908.1 General. 908.2 Inverter Output. 908.3 Sizing and Protection. 908.4 Single 120-Volt Supply. 908.5 Energy Storage or Backup Power System Requirements. 908.6 Back-Fed Circuit Breakers. 908.6.1 Back-Fed Devices. 908.7 Arc-Fault Circuit Protection (Direct Current). |
| 88 | 908.8 Rapid Shutdown of PV Systems on Buildings. 909.0 Disconnecting Means. 909.1 Building or Other Structure Supplied by a Photovoltaic System. 909.1.1 Location. 909.1.2 Marking. 909.1.3 Suitable for Use. 909.1.4 Maximum Number of Disconnects. 909.1.5 Grouping. 909.2 Disconnection of Photovoltaic Equipment. 909.2.1 Utility-Interactive Inverters Mounted in Not Readily Accessible Locations. 909.2.2 Equipment. 909.2.3 Direct-Current Combiner Disconnects. 909.2.4 Maximum Number of Disconnects. 909.3 Disconnecting and Servicing of Fuses. |
| 89 | 909.4 Disconnect Type. 909.4.1 Simultaneous Opening of Poles. 909.4.2 Externally Operable and Indicating. 909.4.3 Disconnection of Grounded Conductor. 909.4.4 Interrupting Rating. 909.5 Installation and Service of an Array. 910.0 Wiring Methods Permitted. 910.1 General. |
| 90 | 910.2 Identification and Grouping. 910.3 Single-Conductor Cable. 910.3.1 Cable Tray. 910.4 Multiconductor Cable. 910.5 Flexible Cords and Cables. 910.6 Small-Conductor Cables. 910.7 Direct-Current Photovoltaic Source and Direct-Current Output on or Circuits Inside a Building. 910.7.1 Embedded in Building Surfaces. Table 910.5 Correction Factors |
| 91 | 910.7.2 Flexible Wiring Methods. 910.7.3 Marking and Labeling Required. 910.7.4 Markings and Labeling Methods and Locations. 910.8 Flexible, Fine-Stranded Cables. 910.9 Bipolar PV Systems. 910.10 Module Connection Arrangement. 910.11 Component Interconnections. 910.12 Connectors. 910.12.1 Configuration. 910.12.2 Guarding. 910.12.3 Type. 910.12.4 Grounding Member. 910.12.5 Interruption of Circuit. 910.13 Access to Boxes. |
| 92 | 910.14 Ungrounded Photovoltaic Power Systems. 910.14.1 Disconnects. 910.14.2 Overcurrent Protection. 910.14.3 Ground-Fault Protection. 910.14.4 Conductors. 910.14.5 Battery Systems. 910.14.6 Marking. 910.14.7 Equipment. 911.0 Grounding. 911.1 System Grounding. 911.1.1 Electrical System Grounding. 911.1.2 Grounding of Electrical Equipment. 911.1.3 Bonding of Electrical Equipment. 911.1.4 Bonding of Electrically Conductive Materials and Other Equipment. 911.1.5 Effective Ground-Fault Current Path. |
| 93 | 911.2 Point of System Grounding Connection. 911.3 Equipment Grounding. 911.3.1 General. 911.3.1.1 Equipment Fastened in Place or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods (Fixed) — Grounding. 911.3.1.2 Equipment Considered Grounded. 911.3.2 Equipment Grounding Conductor Required. 911.3.2.1 Equipment Fastened in Place (Fixed) or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods. 911.3.3 Structure as Equipment Grounding Conductor. 911.3.4 Photovoltaic Mounting Systems and Devices. |
| 94 | 911.3.5 Adjacent Modules. 911.3.6 Combined Conductors. 911.3.7 Types of Equipment Grounding Conductors. 911.3.8 Nongrounding Receptacle Replacement or Branch Circuit Extensions. |
| 95 | 911.4 Size of Equipment Grounding Conductors. 911.4.1 Equipment Grounding Conductor Installation. 911.4.2 Raceway, Cable Trays, Cable Armor, Cablebus, or Cable Sheaths. 911.4.3 Aluminum and Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors. 911.4.4 Equipment Grounding Conductors Less Than 6 AWG. 911.5 Array Equipment Grounding Conductors. Table 911.4 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway and Equipment |
| 96 | 911.6 Grounding Electrode System. 911.6.1 Alternating-Current Systems. 911.6.1.1 Installation of Electrodes. 911.6.1.2 Aluminum or Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors. 911.6.1.3 Securing and Protection Against Physical Damage. 911.6.1.4 Continuous. 911.6.2 Direct-Current Systems. |
| 97 | 911.6.2.1 Not Smaller Than the Neutral Conductor. 911.6.2.2 Not Smaller Than the Largest Conductor. 911.6.2.3 Connected to Rod, Pipe, or Plate Electrodes. 911.6.2.3.1 Rod and Pipe Electrodes. 911.6.2.3.2 Plate Electrodes. 911.6.2.4 Connected to a Concrete-Encased Electrode. 911.6.2.4.1 Concrete-Encased Electrode. 911.6.2.5 Connected to a Ground Ring. 911.6.2.5.1 Ground Ring. 911.6.2.6 Ungrounded Direct-Current Separately Derived Systems. |
| 98 | 911.6.3 Systems with Alternating-Current and Direct-Current Grounding Requirements. 911.6.3.1 Separate Direct-Current Grounding Electrode System Bonded to the Alternating-Current Grounding Electrode System. 911.6.3.2 Common Direct-Current and Alternating-Current Grounding Electrode. 911.6.3.3 Combined Direct-Current Grounding Electrode Conductor and Alternating-Current Equipment Grounding Conductor. 911.6.4 Additional Auxiliary Electrodes for Array Grounding. 911.6.4.1 Metal Underground Water Pipe. |
| 99 | 911.6.4.2 Metal Frame of the Building or Structure. 911.6.4.3 Other Listed Electrodes. 911.6.4.4 Other Local Metal Underground Systems or Structures. 911.6.4.5 Not Permitted for Use as Grounding Electrodes. 911.7 Continuity of Equipment Grounding Systems. 911.8 Continuity of Photovoltaic Source andOutput Circuit Grounded Conductors. 911.9 Equipment Bonding Jumpers. 912.0 Marking. 912.1 Directory. 912.2 Modules. 912.3 Alternating-Current Photovoltaic Modules. 912.4 Direct-Current Photovoltaic Power Source. 912.5 Interactive System Point of Interconnection. 912.6 Photovoltaic Power Systems Employing Energy Storage. 912.7 Facilities with Stand-Alone Systems. |
| 100 | 912.8 Facilities with Utility Services and PV Systems. 912.9 Facilities with Rapid Shutdown. 913.0 Connection to Other Sources. 913.1 Load Disconnect. 913.2 Identified Interactive Equipment. 913.3 Loss of Interactive System Power. 913.4 Unbalanced Interconnections. 913.5 Point of Connection. 913.5.1 Supply Side. 913.5.2 Integrated Electrical Systems. 913.5.3 Greater Than 100 kW. 913.5.4 Utility-Interactive Inverters. 913.5.4.1 Dedicated Overcurrent and Disconnect. 913.5.4.2 Bus or Conductor Ampere Rating. |
| 101 | 913.5.4.3 Marking. 913.5.4.4 Suitable for Backfeed. 913.5.4.5 Fastening. 913.5.4.6 Wire Harness and Exposed Cable Arc-Fault Protection. 914.0 Storage Batteries. 914.1 Installation. |
| 102 | 914.2 Dwellings. 914.3 Current Limiting. 914.4 Battery Nonconductive Cases and Conductive Racks. 914.5 Disconnection of Series Battery Circuits. 914.6 Battery Maintenance Disconnecting Means. 914.7 Battery Systems Exceeding 48 Volts. 914.8 Disconnects and Overcurrent Protection. 914.9 Battery Locations. |
| 103 | 914.10 Charge Control. 914.10.1 Sole Means of Regulating Charging. 914.10.2 Circuits with Direct-Current Diversion Charge Controller and Diversion Load. 914.10.3 PV Systems Using Utility-Interactive Inverters. 914.10.4 Buck/Boost Direct-Current Converters. 914.11 Battery Interconnections. 915.0 Systems Over 1000 Volts. 915.1 General. 915.2 Listing. 915.3 Definitions. 915.4 Guarding of High-Voltage Energized Parts Within a Compartment. 915.5 High-Voltage Equipment. 915.6 Circuit Breakers. |
| 104 | 915.7 Operating Characteristics. 915.8 Nameplate. 915.9 High-Voltage Fuses. 915.10 Voltage Rating. |
| 106 | Chapter 10 Referenced Standards 1001.0 General. 1001.1 Standards. TABLE Table 1001.1 Referenced Standards |
| 114 | Abbreviations in Table 1001.1 |
| 116 | Appendices Table of Contents |
| 118 | Appendix A Engineered Solar Energy Systems A 101.0 General. A 101.1 Applicability. A 101.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction. A 101.3 Conformance. A 101.4 Alternate Materials and Equipment. A 102.0 Engineered Solar Energy Systems. A 102.1 Definition. A 102.2 Inspection and Installation. A 102.3 Owner Information. A 103.0 Water Heat Exchangers. A 103.1 Protection of Potable Water System. A 103.2 Where Permitted. A 103.3 Other Designs. |
| 120 | Appendix B Solar Photovoltaic System Installation Guidelines B 101.0 General. B 101.1 Applicability. B 101.2 Alternate Materials and Methods. B 102.0 Marking. B 102.1 General. B 102.2 Main Service Disconnect. B 102.2.1 Marking Content and Format. B 102.3 Marking for Direct Current Conduit, Raceways, Enclosures, Cable Assemblies, and Junction Boxes. B 102.3.1 Marking Content and Format. B 102.4 Inverters. B 103.0 Access, Pathways, and Smoke Ventilation. B 103.1 General. B 103.2 Residential Systems—Single and Two-Unit Residential Dwellings. B 103.2.1 Access or Pathways. B 103.2.2 Smoke Ventilation. B 103.3 Commercial Buildings and Residential Housing Comprised of Three or More Units. FIGURES |
| 121 | B 103.3.1 Access. B 103.3.2 Pathways. B 103.3.3 Smoke Ventilation. B 104.0 Location of Direct Current (dc) Conductors. B 104.1 General. B 105.0 Ground Mounted Photovoltaic Arrays. B 105.1 General. |
| 122 | Figure B 103.2(1) Solar System on Cross Gable Roof–Single and Two–Unit Residential Building Figure B 103.2(2) Solar System on Cross Gable Roof with Valley–Single and Two–Unit Residential Building |
| 123 | Figure B 103.2(3) Solar System on Full Gable Roof Single and Two–Unit Residential Building Figure B 103.2(4) Solar System On Full Hip Roof–Single and Two–Unit Residential Building |
| 124 | Figure B 103.3(1) Solar Array Installation on Large Commercial Buidlings with 8 Foot Walkways Figure B 103.3(2) Solar Array Installation on Large Commercial Buildings with 4 Foot Wide Walkways with 8 Foot By 4 Foot Venting Cutouts Every 20 Foot Length |
| 125 | Figure B 103.3(3) Solar Array Installation on Small Commercial Buildings with 4 Foot Wide Walkways with 8 Foot By 4 Foot Venting Cutouts Every 20 Foot Length Figure B 103.3(4) Solar Array Installation on Small Commercial Buildings with 8 Foot Wide Walkways |
| 126 | Appendix C Supplemental Checklist for Solar Photovoltaic Systems C 101.0 Plan Details. C 101.1 General. C 101.2 Circuits. |
| 127 | C 101.3 Overcurrent Protection. C 101.4 Disconnecting Means. C 101.5 Wiring Method. C 101.6 Grounding. C 101.7 Ground Fault Protection. C 101.8 Systems Over 1000 Volts. C 101.9 Calculations. |
| 128 | Useful Tables Unit Conversions |
| 129 | Symbols |
| 132 | Index |
