ESDU 68048:1968

Curves are given that enable the maximum circumferential elastic stress in a pressurised pipe that is initially non-circular to be determined. The curves are applicable to long straight unrestrained pipes for which the nominal pipe radius/thickness ratio is greater than or equal to 5. The deviations about the mean radius are assumed to be of sinusoidal form and data are given for 2, 3, 4 and 5 wave configurations having amplitude/pipe thickness ratios between 0 and 10.