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BS ISO 23071:2021

$86.31

Refractory products. Determination of reduced species in carbon containing refractories by XRD

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 14
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This document describes methods for the determination of mineralogical phases often present as additives or reaction products in carbon containing or graphitic refractory products by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) using a Bragg-Brentano diffractometer. It includes details of sample preparation and general principles for qualitative and quantitative analysis of mineralogical phase composition. Quantitative determination of ?-Si3N4, ?-Si3N4, AlN, aluminium metal, Al4C3, silicon metal, boron carbide and BN are described. The problems encountered with some determinations are highlighted.

Additional reduced species present in some refractories could include Al2O3?AlN solid solutions (so called Alons), Si3N4?SiO2 solid solutions and Si3N4?Al2O3 solid solutions (Sialons). The presence of some of these solid solution components will cause problems with both identification and quantification as they are not well-defined structures.

NOTE

For rationalisation of nitrogen containing phases, the total nitrogen content, analysed in accordance with EN 12698-1 is used.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 National foreword
6 Foreword
7 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
8 4 Apparatus
4.1 X-ray diffractometer
4.2 Software
5 Instrument performance
6 Sampling
9 7 Procedure
7.1 Sample preparation
7.2 Measuring parameters
7.3 Qualitative analysis
10 7.4 Quantitative analysis
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Quantitative phase determination using Rietveld Refinement
11 7.5 Rationalisation of results
7.5.1 Calculation refinement for Ī±-Si3N4, Ī²-Si3N4, Si2ON2, BN and AlN
8 Limitations of method
12 9 Test report
13 Bibliography
BS ISO 23071:2021
$86.31