BS EN IEC 60034-4-1:2018
$215.11
Rotating electrical machines – Methods for determining electrically excited synchronous machine quantities from tests
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2018 | 78 |
This part of IEC 60034 applies to three-phase synchronous machines of 1 kVA rating and larger.
Most of the methods are intended to be used for machines having an excitation winding with slip-rings and brushes for their supply. Synchronous machines with brushless excitation require special effort for some of the tests. For machines with permanent magnet excitation, there is a limited applicability of the described tests, and special precautions should be taken against irreversible demagnetization.
Excluded are axial-field machines and special synchronous machines such as inductor type machines, transversal flux machines and reluctance machines.
It is not intended that this document be interpreted as requiring any or all of the tests described therein on any given machine. The particular tests to be carried out are subject to agreement between manufacturer and customer.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 2 | undefined |
| 5 | Annex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications |
| 6 | English CONTENTS |
| 10 | FOREWORD |
| 12 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions |
| 18 | 4 Symbols and units |
| 19 | 5 Overview of tests Tables Table 1 – Test methods and cross-reference table |
| 21 | 6 Test procedures 6.1 General 6.1.1 Instrumentation requirements |
| 22 | 6.1.2 Excitation system requirements 6.1.3 Test conditions 6.1.4 Per unit base quantities |
| 23 | 6.1.5 Conventions and assumptions 6.1.6 Consideration of magnetic saturation |
| 24 | 6.2 Direct measurements of excitation current at rated load |
| 25 | 6.3 Direct-current winding resistance measurements 6.4 No-load saturation test 6.4.1 Test procedure |
| 26 | 6.4.2 No-load saturation characteristic determination 6.5 Sustained three-phase short-circuit test 6.5.1 Test procedure 6.5.2 Three-phase sustained short-circuit characteristic |
| 27 | 6.6 Motor no-load test 6.7 Over-excitation test at zero power-factor 6.8 Negative excitation test 6.9 On-load test measuring the load angle |
| 28 | 6.10 Low slip test 6.11 Sudden three-phase short-circuit test |
| 29 | 6.12 Voltage recovery test 6.13 Suddenly applied short-circuit test following disconnection from line |
| 30 | 6.14 Direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill 6.15 Applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis positions Figures Figure 1 – Schematic for DC decay test at standstill |
| 31 | 6.16 Applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position |
| 32 | 6.17 Single phase voltage test applied to the three phases 6.18 Line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 6.19 Line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test Figure 2 – Circuit diagram for line-to-line short-circuit test |
| 33 | 6.20 Negative-phase sequence test 6.21 Field current decay test, with the armature winding open-circuited 6.21.1 Test at rated speed Figure 3 – Circuit diagram for line-to-line andto neutral sustained short-circuit test |
| 34 | 6.21.2 Test at standstill 6.22 Applied voltage test with rotor removed Figure 4 – Search coil installation with rotor removed |
| 35 | 6.23 No-load retardation test 6.24 Locked rotor test 6.25 Asynchronous operation during the low-voltage test |
| 36 | 6.26 Over-excitation test at zero power factor and variable armature voltage 6.27 Applied variable frequency voltage test at standstill Figure 5 – Power and current versus slip (example) |
| 37 | Figure 6 – Schematic for variable frequency test at standstill |
| 38 | 7 Determination of quantities 7.1 Analysis of recorded data 7.1.1 No-load saturation and three-phase, sustained short-circuit curves Figure 7 – Recorded quantities from variable frequency test at standstill (example) |
| 39 | 7.1.2 Sudden three-phase short-circuit test Figure 8 – Combined saturation and short-circuit curves Figure 9 – Determination of intermediate points on the envelopes |
| 41 | Figure 10 – Determination of transient component of short-circuit current Figure 11 – Determination of sub-transient component of short-circuit current |
| 42 | 7.1.3 Voltage recovery test |
| 43 | 7.1.4 Direct current decay in the armature winding at standstill Figure 12 – Transient and sub-transient componentof recovery voltage |
| 44 | Figure 13 – Semi-logarithmic plot of decay currents |
| 45 | 7.1.5 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited 7.2 Direct-axis synchronous reactance 7.2.1 From no-load saturation and three-phase sustained short-circuit test 7.2.2 From motor no-load test Figure 14 – Suddenly applied excitation with armaturewinding open-circuited |
| 46 | 7.2.3 From on-load test measuring the load angle 7.3 Direct-axis transient reactance 7.3.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test 7.3.2 From voltage recovery test |
| 47 | 7.3.3 From DC decay test in the armature winding at standstill 7.3.4 Calculation from test values 7.4 Direct-axis sub-transient reactance 7.4.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test 7.4.2 From voltage recovery test 7.4.3 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis |
| 48 | 7.4.4 From applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position 7.5 Quadrature-axis synchronous reactance 7.5.1 From negative excitation test |
| 49 | 7.5.2 From low slip test Figure 15 – No-load e.m.f. and excitation current for one pole-pitch slip |
| 50 | 7.5.3 From on-load test measuring the load angle Figure 16 – Current envelope from low-slip test |
| 51 | 7.6 Quadrature-axis transient reactance 7.6.1 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill 7.6.2 Calculation from test values 7.7 Quadrature-axis sub-transient reactance 7.7.1 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature position 7.7.2 From applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position |
| 52 | 7.8 Zero-sequence reactance 7.8.1 From single-phase voltage application to the three phases 7.8.2 From line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test 7.9 Negative-sequence reactance 7.9.1 From line-to-line sustained short-circuit test |
| 53 | 7.9.2 From negative-phase sequence test 7.9.3 Calculation from test values 7.9.4 From direct-current decay test at standstill |
| 54 | 7.10 Armature leakage reactance 7.11 Potier reactance |
| 55 | 7.12 Zero-sequence resistance 7.12.1 From single-phase voltage test applied to the three phases 7.12.2 From line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test Figure 17 – Determination of Potier reactance |
| 56 | 7.13 Positive-sequence armature winding resistance 7.14 Negative-sequence resistance 7.14.1 From line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 7.14.2 From negative-phase sequence test 7.15 Armature and excitation winding resistance |
| 57 | 7.16 Direct-axis transient short-circuit time constant 7.16.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test 7.16.2 From direct current decay test at standstill 7.17 Direct-axis transient open-circuit time constant 7.17.1 From field current decay at rated speed with armature winding open 7.17.2 From field current decay test at standstill with armature winding open |
| 58 | 7.17.3 From voltage recovery test 7.17.4 From direct-current decay test at standstill 7.18 Direct-axis sub-transient short-circuit time constant 7.19 Direct-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant 7.19.1 From voltage recovery test 7.19.2 From direct-current decay test at standstill 7.20 Quadrature-axis transient short-circuit time constant 7.20.1 Calculation from test values 7.20.2 From direct-current decay test at standstill 7.21 Quadrature-axis transient open-circuit time constant 7.22 Quadrature-axis sub-transient short-circuit time constant 7.22.1 Calculation from test values |
| 59 | 7.22.2 Determination from direct-current decay test at standstill 7.23 Quadrature-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant 7.24 Armature short-circuit time constant 7.24.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test 7.24.2 Calculation from test values 7.25 Rated acceleration time and stored energy constant |
| 60 | 7.26 Rated excitation current 7.26.1 From direct measurement 7.26.2 Potier diagram Figure 18 – Potier’s diagram |
| 61 | 7.26.3 ASA diagram Figure 19 – ASA diagram |
| 62 | 7.26.4 Swedish diagram Figure 20 – Swedish diagram |
| 63 | 7.27 Excitation current referred to rated armature sustained short-circuit current 7.27.1 From sustained three-phase short-circuit test 7.27.2 From over-excitation test at zero power factor |
| 64 | 7.28 Frequency response characteristics 7.28.1 General Figure 21 – Excitation current from over-excitation testat zero power factor |
| 65 | 7.28.2 From asynchronous operation at reduced voltage 7.28.3 From applied variable frequency voltage test at standstill Figure 22 – Frequency response characteristics at low frequencies (example) |
| 67 | 7.28.4 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill 7.29 Short-circuit ratio 7.30 Rated voltage regulation 7.30.1 From direct measurement 7.30.2 From no-load saturation characteristic and known field current at rated load |
| 68 | 7.31 Initial starting impedance of synchronous motors |
| 69 | Annex A (informative) Testing cross-reference Table A.1 – Test cross-reference |
| 72 | Annex B (informative) Calculation scheme for frequency response characteristics B.1 Basics B.2 Parameter calculation |
| 74 | Annex C (informative) Conventional electrical machine model Figure C.1 – Equivalent circuit model of a salient pole machine |
| 76 | Bibliography |
