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ASME PTC 13 2018

ASME PTC 13 2018

$98.04

ASME PTC 13 – 2018: Wire-To-Air Performance Test Code for Blower Systems

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2018 158
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This Code provides guidance for performance testing or measuring the electrical power consumption associated with a specified performance condition of a blower package (“Wire-to-Air Performance”) in a controlled environment. This code determines total input electrical power consumption (herein noted as wire power) and delivery of compressed air from the blower package to the defined system boundary. Blower packages shall include but not be limited to dynamic and rotary positive displacement types and the ancillary devices required for operational service. The term blower implies that the machine is used primarily for delivery of air at pressure ratios equal to or less than three. This Code does not include procedures for determining the blower systems mechanical and acoustical characteristics nor is it applicable to machines employing forced inter-stage cooling.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
8 NOTICE
9 FOREWORD
10 ASME PTC COMMITTEE ROSTER
11 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE
13 INTRODUCTION
14 Section 1 Object and Scope
1-1 OBJECT
1-1.1 Objectives
1-1.2 Performance Parameters
1-1.3 Operating Conditions
1-2 SCOPE
1-3 APPLICABILITY
1-4 TEST UNCERTAINTY
15 1-5 REFERENCES
16 Section 2 Definitions and Description of Terms
2-1 SYMBOLS
2-2 SUBSCRIPTS
2-3 DEFINITIONS
17 Tables
Table 2-1-1 Nomenclature
19 Table 2-2-2 Subscripts
23 Section 3 Guiding Principles
3-1 INTRODUCTION
3-2 PERFORMANCE TEST OPERATING PHILOSOPHY
24 3-2.1 Prior Agreements
3-2.2 Preliminary Test Runs
25 3-3 TESTS: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THIS TEST CODE
3-3.1 Conversion of Test Results
3-3.2 Application Limitations
3-3.3 Side Streams
3-3.4 Inlet Volumetric Flow Rate
3-3.5 Specific Volume Ratio
3-3.6 Exchanges of Heat Across the Control Volume
26 3-3.7 Measurement of Speed
3-3.8 Mechanical Flow Modulation
3-3.9 Preparation
3-3.10 Starting and Stopping
3-3.11 Steady State
3-3.12 Readjustments
27 3-3.13 Data Collection
3-3.14 Test Administration
3-4 INSTRUMENTS
3-4.1 Location and Identification of Instruments
3-4.2 Frequency and Timing of Observations
3-5 TEST OPERATION
3-5.1 Safety
3-5.2 Reference Boundaries
28 Figures
Figure 3-5.2-1 Blower Package Performance Boundary and Internal Reference Boundaries
29 3-5.3 Test and Specified Thermodynamic Properties
Table 3-5.2-1 Process and Fluid Components
Table 3-5.2-2 Electric Power-Related Components
30 3-5.4 Permissible Deviations Between Test and Specified Operating Conditions
Figure 3-5.4-1 Allowable Machine Mach Number Departures for Dynamic Blowers
Table 3-5.4-1 Permissible Deviations of Similitude Parameters for a Test of Dynamic Blowers
31 3-5.4.1 Operational Speed Deviation.
3-5.5 Test Point Data Collection
3-5.6 Performance Curve Data Collection
Table 3-5.4-2 Permissible Deviations of Operating Conditions for Positive Displacement (PD) Blowers
Table 3-5.5-1 Permissible Fluctuations of Test Readings
32 3-5.7 Establishing Minimum Continuous Flow
3-5.8 Establishing Maximum Continuous Flow
3-5.9 Inconsistent Measurements
3-5.10 Errors and Uncertainties
3-5.11 Piping
33 3-6 RECORDS
3-6.1 Data Records and the Test Log
3-6.2 Analysis and Interpretation
34 Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement
4-1 GENERAL CONSIDERATION
4-1.1 Instrument Selection
4-1.2 Calibration Certificates
4-2 POWER
4-2.1 Wire Power Measurement Technique
35 4-3 PRESSURE
4-3.1 Pressure Measurement Standards
4-3.2 Pressure Measurement Selection
4-3.3 Instrument Verification
4-3.4 Pressure Measurement Averaging
4-3.5 Pressure Measurement Locations
4-3.6 Pressure Measurement Instrument Types
36 Figure 4-2.1.1-1 Power Analyzer Connection (Single Point)
37 Figure 4-2.1.1-2 Power Analyzer Connection Including Secondary/Additional Power Feed
38 Figure 4-3.5-1 Inlet Configuration
Figure 4-3.5-2 Discharge Configuration
Table 4-2.1.2-1 Minimum Accuracy and Function Requirement of Power Analyzer
39 Figure 4-3.5-3 Vortex Producing Axial Inlet
Figure 4-3.5-4 Diffusing Volute Discharge With Nonsymmetric Flow
40 4-3.7 Velocity Pressure
4-3.8 Static Pressure
4-3.9 Total Pressure
Figure 4-3.7-1 Pipe Velocity Measurement Loci
41 4-3.10 Inlet Pressure
4-3.11 Discharge Pressure
Figure 4-3.8-1 Reinforced Pressure Tap for Thin Wall Piping
Figure 4-3.10-1 Package Inlet
42 4-3.12 Ambient Pressure
4-3.13 Pressure Measurement Constraints
4-4 TEMPERATURE
4-4.1 Temperature Measurement Standards
4-4.2 Instrument Selection
4-4.3 Instrument Verification
43 4-4.4 Temperature Measurement Averaging
4-4.5 Temperature Measurement Locations
4-4.6 Temperature Measurement
4-4.7 Total Temperature
4-4.8 Inlet Temperature
44 4-4.9 Discharge Temperature
4-4.10 Temperature Measurement Constraints
4-5 VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
4-5.1 Flow-Measuring Devices
4-5.2 Location of Flow-Measuring Device and Instrumentation
4-5.3 Flow Conditioners
45 Figure 4-5.3-1 Recommended Designs of Flow Conditioner
46 4-5.4 Metering Section Fabrication of Piping
4-5.5 Metering Section Piping Adjacent to the Primary Element
Table 4-5.3-1 Loss Coefficients for Flow Conditioners
47 Figure 4-5.5-1 Flow-Measuring Device Piping Arrangement
48 4-5.6 General Equation for Mass Flow Rate Through a Differential Pressure Class Meter
Table 4-5.6-1 Values of Constants in the General Equation for Various Units
49 4-5.7 Empirical Formulations for Discharge Coefficient, Cd
4-5.8 Thermal Expansion/Contraction of Pipe and Primary Element
4-5.9 Procedure for Sizing a Differential Pressure Class Meter and Selection
4-5.10 Restrictions of Use
4-5.11 Flow Calculation Procedure
50 4-5.12 Introduction to Orifice Meters
Figure 4-5.12.3-1 Deflection of an Orifice Plate by Differential Pressure
51 4-5.13 Machining Tolerances and Dimensions for Differential Pressure Taps
4-5.14 Location of Temperature and Static Pressure Measurements
4-5.15 Piping and Test Arrangement
4-6 RELATIVE HUMIDITY
52 4-7 SPEED MEASUREMENT
53 Section 5 Computation of Results
5-1 INTRODUCTION
5-1.1 The Calculation Procedure
5-1.2 Fluctuations
5-1.3 Total Pressure and Temperature Conditions
5-1.4 Test Pressure
5-1.5 Test Temperature: Recovery Factor
54 Figure 5-1.1-1 Calculation Methodology Framework
55 5-1.6 Test Density
5-1.7 Speed Irregularity
5-1.8 Inlet Volumetric Flow Rate Definition
5-2 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR IDEAL GASES
5-2.1 Water Vapor and Air Components
56 5-2.2 Conversion From Standard Condition to Site-Actual Volumetric Flow Rate
5-2.3 Specific Heat of Constant Pressure and Ratio of Specific Heats
57 5-2.4 Calculating Predicted Power
5-3 DYNAMIC BLOWERS
5-3.1 Specific Volume Ratio
5-3.2 Isentropic Compression Work per Unit Mass (Isentropic Head)
5-3.3 Dynamic Blower Power Prediction: Test Flow/Speed Matching Specified Flow/Speed
58 5-3.4 Machine Mach Number
5.4 PD BLOWERS
59 5-4.1 Adjustment of Results to Specified Conditions
5-4.2 Test Pressure Ratio
5-4.3 Test Flow Rate
5-4.4 Power Predictions
60 5-4.5 Deviation From Specified Data
61 Section 6 Report of Results
6-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6-2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6-3 DETAILED REPORT
6-3.1 Detailed Report: Instruments or Test Apparatus
6-3.2 Detailed Report: Measurements
62 6-4 APPENDICES
63 Section 7 Test Uncertainty
7-1 OVERVIEW
64 7-2 UNDERSTANDING TEST UNCERTAINTY
7-2.1 Uncertainty Versus Error
Figure 7-2.1.1-1 Measurement Error Diagram
Figure 7-2.1.1-2 Gaussian Probability Distribution Curve
65 7-2.2 Systematic Standard Uncertainty, bi
7-2.3 Combining Systematic Uncertainties
7-2.4 Correlated vs. Uncorrelated Systematic Uncertainty
7-2.5 Random Standard Uncertainty of a Sample, sx¯
66 7-2.6 Sensitivity Coefficients, Θi
7-2.7 Absolute Systematic, bR, and Random Standard, sR, Uncertainty
7-2.8 Combining Absolute Systematic, bR, and Random Standard, sR, for Combined Uncertainty, uR
7-2.9 Calculating Expanded Uncertainty of the Result, UR
67 Mandatory Appendix I Airflow Conversions
I-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE
I-1.1 Given Conditions
I-1.2 Objective of Calculations
I-2 CALCULATIONS
I-2.1 Saturated Vapor-Pressure Beta Coefficients
68 I-2.2 Saturated Vapor Pressures
I-2.3 Air Mixture Vapor Pressures
I-2.4 Air Mixture Molecular Weights
69 I-2.5 Air Mixture Densities
70 I-2.6 Air Mixture Humidity Ratios, HR, Specific Humidities, SH
I-2.7 Mass Flow of Mixture at Standard Conditions
I-2.8 Mass Flow of Dry Air
71 I-2.9 Mass Flow of Mixture at Specified Conditions
I-2.10 Volumetric Flow Rate of Mixture
II-3 A SIMPLIFIED EQUATION
72 Nonmandatory Appendices
Nonmandatory Appendix A Sample Uncertainty Calculations
A-1 INTRODUCTION
A-2 POWER MEASUREMENT
A-3 ISENTROPIC HEAD AND VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
73 Table A-2-1 Power Measurement Data
74 Table A-2-2 Summary Results of Power Measurements
Table A-3.1-1 Independent Parameters for Isentropic Head Uncertainty Calculation Example
75 Table A-3.1-2 Equations of Sensitivity Contribution for Isentropic Head
76 Table A-3.1-3 Summary of Relative Uncertainties
Table A-3.2-1 Equations of Sensitivity Contribution
A-4 SYSTEMATIC AND RANDOM STANDARD UNCERTAINTY EXAMPLES
77 Table A-3.2-2 Independent Parameters for Volumetric Flow Rate Uncertainty Calculation Example
Table A-3.2-3 Summary of Relative Uncertainties
Table A-4-1 Systematic Standard Uncertainty Component of a Parameter
78 Table A-4-2 Random Standard Uncertainty of the Mean of N Measurements
79 Figure B-1-1 Preliminary Steps
Nonmandatory Appendix B Sample Calculation: Dynamic Blowers
B-1 INTRODUCTION
B-2 STEP 1: DETERMINE CONDITIONS
80 B-3 STEP 2: DETERMINE BLOWER TYPE, DIMENSIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
81 B-4 STEP 3: ESTIMATE OPERATING CONDITION TARGETS FOR TEST
82 B-5 STEP 4: TEST PREPARATION
B-6 STEP 5: DETERMINE DISCHARGE PRESSURE FOR TEST
83 Figure B-5.1-1 Dynamic Blower Test Calculations
89 B-7 STEP 6: RUN THE TEST
B-8 STEP 7: CALCULATE PERFORMANCE AND COMPARE PARAMETERS
92 B-9 PERMISSIBLE DEVIATIONS
94 Figure B-9-1 Allowable Machine Mach Numbers for Dynamic Blowers
B-10 STEP 8: RUN FINAL CALCULATIONS
95 Figure B-10-1 Final Calculations
B-11 STEP 9: PERFORMANCE DEVIATION REPORTING AND TEST REPORTING
96 Nonmandatory Appendix C Sample Calculation: PD Blowers
C-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE
C-2 STEP 1: DETERMINE CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE
97 Figure C-2-1 Preliminary Steps
Table C-1.1-1 Physical Constants and Properties
98 Table C-2.1-1 Properties of Air at Specified Conditions
Table C-2.2-1 Specified Design Points
100 C-3 STEP 2: DETERMINE BLOWER TYPE
101 Table C-3.2-1 Process and Fluid Components
Table C-3.2-2 Electric Power-Related Components
102 C-4 STEP 3: RUN PRETEST CALCULATIONS
104 C-5 STEP 4: PREPARE FOR TEST
105 Figure C-5.1-1 PD Blower Testing
Table C-5.5-1 Ambient Conditions at Test
106 C-6 STEP 5: ESTIMATE DISCHARGE PRESSURE/FLOW RATE FOR TEST RUN
C-7 STEP 6: MEASURE CONDITIONS
107 Table C-7-1 Results of Initial Test Run
C-8 STEP 7: CALCULATE PROPERTIES
110 C-9 STEP 8: RUN FINAL CALCULATIONS
111 Figure C-9-1 Final Calculations
112 C-10 STEP 9: PERFORMANCE DEVIATION REPORTING AND TEST REPORTING
113 Table C-10-1 Specified and Test Conditions and Deviation
114 Nonmandatory Appendix D Sample Calculation: Machine Reynolds Number Correction
D-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE
D-2 MACHINE REYNOLDS NUMBER
116 Figure D-2.3-1 Allowable Machine Reynolds Number Departures for Dynamic Blowers
Table D-2.3-1 Machine Reynolds Number Correction Example
117 Figure D-2.3-2 Reynolds Boundary Limit Verification
D-3 REFERENCE
118 Nonmandatory Appendix E Sample Calculation: Orifice Flowmeter
E-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE
E-2 CALCULATING ORIFICE FLOW RATE
119 Table E-1-1 Orifice Geometry and Measurements
Table E-1-2 Properties of Air at Test Conditions
122 E-3 DISCUSSION
123 Nonmandatory Appendix F Duty Cycles
F-1 INTRODUCTION
F-2 SPECIFIED POINTS OF OPERATION
124 Figure F-2.1.1-1 Performance Curve for a Typical PD Blower
125 Figure F-2.1.2-1 Performance Curve for a Typical Dynamic Blower
126 Figure F-2.1.3-1 Performance Curve for Any Type Blower
Figure F-2.1.3-2 Blower Comparison Curve
127 Figure F-2.1.3-3 Site Performance Curve
128 Figure F-2.3-1 Estimate of Average Daily Flow
Table F-2.3-1 Pattern of System Demand
Table F-2.3.1-1 Five-Point Evaluation Parameters
129 Table F-2.3.1-2 Airflow Rate Calculations
130 Nonmandatory Appendix G Thermodynamic Properties
G-1 SCOPE AND CONTENT
G-2 DEFINITIONS
131 G-3 THERMODYNAMIC STATES AND PROPERTIES
132 G-4 EQUATIONS OF STATE
135 Nonmandatory Appendix H Gas Reference Figures
H-1 GAS REFERENCE CHARTS
136 Figure H-1-1 Specific Gas Constant of Air
Figure H-1-1 Specific Gas Constant of Air
137 Figure H-1-2 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (ft ∙ lbf/lbm ∙ °R) and Temperature
Figure H-1-2 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (ft ∙ lbf/lbm ∙ °R) and Temperature
138 Figure H-1-3 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (Btu/lbm ∙ °R) and Temperature
Figure H-1-3 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (Btu/lbm ∙ °R) and Temperature
139 Figure H-1-4 Ratio of Specific Heats
Figure H-1-4 Ratio of Specific Heats
140 Nonmandatory Appendix J Optional Calculations
J-1 INTRODUCTION
J-2 SYSTEM EFFICIENCY
141 J-3 BLOWER DISCHARGE AIR TEMPERATURE
142 Figure K-2-1 Compression Process, Pressure Volume
Nonmandatory Appendix K Compression Process
K-1 INTRODUCTION
K-2 COMPRESSION PROCESSES
145 Figure K-2.1-1 Isentropic Compression Process Considering Intermediate Compression Exponent
Figure K-2.1-2 Corresponding Enthalpy vs. Entropy Diagram
Table K-2.1-1 Comparison of Mixed (Average) and Inlet Conditions for Ratio of Specific Heats
148 Table K-2.4-1 Comparison of Compression Processes
149 Figure L-1-1 Overview of the Compressor Test Point Location
Nonmandatory Appendix L Similitude Consideration
L-1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
150 Figure L-1-2 Target Test Point
L-2 SIMILITUDE EQUATIONS
153 Table M-2-1 Recommended Straight Lengths for Orifice Plates and Nozzles (From ASME PTC 19.5, Table 7-1.2-1)
Nonmandatory Appendix M Commentary on ASME PTC 19.5-2004
M-1 ANTICIPATED REVISIONS
M-2 RECOMMENDED STRAIGHT LENGTHS OF PIPE FOR ORIFICE PLATES AND NOZZLES
154 M-3 CALCULATION OF EXPANSIBILITY FACTOR AND DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT
155 Table M-2-2 Recommended Straight Lengths Between Orifice Plates and Fittings Without Flow Conditioners (From ASME MFC-3M-2004, Table 2-3)

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