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ASME BPVC VIII 2 2023

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ASME BPVC.VIII.2-2023 Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 2, Alternative Rules

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ASME 2023
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This Division of Section VIII provides requirements applicable to the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification of pressure vessels operating at either internal or external pressures exceeding 15 psig. Such vessels may be fired or unfired. This pressure may be obtained from an external source or by the application of heat from a direct or indirect source, or any combination thereof. These rules provide an alternative to the minimum requirements for pressure vessels under Division 1 rules. In comparison the Division 1, Division 2 requirements on materials, design, and nondestructive examination are more rigorous; however, higher design stress intensify values are permitted. Division 2 rules cover only vessels to be installed in a fixed location for a specific service where operation and maintenance control is retained during the useful life of the vessel by the user who prepares or causes to be prepared the design specifications. These rules may also apply to human occupancy pressure vessels typically in the diving industry. Rules pertaining to the use of the U2 and UV ASME Product Certification Marks are also included. Careful application of this Section will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for manufacturers, users, constructors, designers and others concerned with the design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection and testing of pressure vessels, plus all potential governing entities.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
67 1.1 Year of Acceptable Edition of Referenced Standards in This Division
68 1.2 Standard Units for Use in Equations
72 1-C.1 Typical Size or Thickness Conversions for Fractions
1-C.2 Typical Size or Thickness Conversions
73 1-C.3 Typical Size or Length Conversions
1-C.4 Typical Nominal Pipe Size Conversions
74 1-C.5 Typical Area Conversions
1-C.6 Typical Volume Conversions
1-C.7 Typical Pressure Conversions
75 1-C.8 Typical Strength Conversions
1-C.9 Typical Temperature Conversions
76 1-C.10 Conversion Factors
84 2-A.1 Typical Certification of Compliance of the User’s Design Specification
86 2-B.1 Typical Certification of Compliance of the Manufacturer’s Design Report
90 2-D.1 Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s Data Reports
92 2-D.2 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s Data Reports for Layered Vessels
93 A-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Vessels
96 A-1P Manufacturer’s Data Report for Plate Heat Exchangers
98 A-2 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report
101 A-3 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
102 A-3L Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
103 A-4 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
111 2-F.1 Form of Stamping
115 2-J.1 Design Activities Requiring a Certifying Engineer
151 3.1 Material Specifications
3.2 Composition Requirements for 2.25Cr–1Mo–0.25V Weld Metal
152 3.3 Toughness Requirements for 2.25Cr–1Mo Materials
3.4 Low Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
153 3.5 High Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
3.6 Aluminum Alloy, Copper, and Copper Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
154 3.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
3.8 Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to Part 5
3.9 Maximum Severity Levels for Castings With a Thickness of Less Than 50 mm (2 in.)
155 3.10 Maximum Severity Levels for Castings With a Thickness of 50 mm to 305 mm (2 in. to 12 in.)
3.11 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below the Minimum Design Metal Temperature
3.12 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.3 and 3.3M)
156 3.13 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.4 and 3.4M)
157 3.14 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.7 and 3.7M)
3.15 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.8 and 3.8M)
158 3.16 Reduction in the MDMT, TR, Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.12 and 3.12M)
159 3.17 Reduction in the MDMT, TR, Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.13 and 3.13M)
3.18 Required HAZ Impact Test Specimen Set Removal
160 3.1 Cr–Mo Heat Treatment Criteria
161 3.2 Typical Locations for Tensile Specimens
162 3.3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT
163 3.3M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT
164 3.4 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts
165 3.4M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts
166 3.5 Illustration of Lateral Expansion in a Broken Charpy V-Notch Specimen
167 3.6 Lateral Expansion Requirements
3.6M Lateral Expansion Requirements
168 3.7 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT
170 3.7M Impact Test Exemption Curves — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT
172 3.8 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
174 3.8M Impact Test Exemption Curves — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
176 3.9 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
177 3.10 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
178 3.11 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
179 3.12 Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
180 3.12M Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
181 3.13 Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
182 3.13M Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
183 3.14 Orientation and Location of Transverse Charpy V-Notch Specimens
184 3.15 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content
3.16 HAZ Impact Specimen Removal
185 3.17 Location of HAZ Specimen Removal
187 3-A.1 Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Materials
192 3-A.2 Quenched and Tempered High Strength Steels
193 3-A.3 High Alloy Steel
199 3-A.4 Aluminum Alloys
200 3-A.5 Copper Alloys
201 3-A.6 Nickel and Nickel Alloys
203 3-A.7 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
204 3-A.8 Ferrous Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
206 3-A.9 Aluminum Alloy and Copper Alloy Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
3-A.10 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
207 3-A.11 Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 5
213 3-D.1 Stress–Strain Curve Parameters
3-D.2 Cyclic Stress–Strain Curve Data
215 3-D.2M Cyclic Stress–Strain Curve Data
221 3-F.1 Smooth Bar Fatigue Curve Stress Amplitude Correction Equations
222 3-F.2 Coefficients for the Welded Joint Fatigue Curves
3-F.2M Coefficients for the Welded Joint Fatigue Curves
223 3-F.1 Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σuts ≤ 80 ksi
3-F.1M Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σuts ≤ 552 MPa
224 3-F.2 Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σuts = 115 ksi to 130 ksi
3-F.2M Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σuts = 793 MPa to 892 MPa
225 3-F.3 Fatigue Curve for Series 3XX High Alloy Steels, Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex Stainless Steels, Nickel–Chromium–Iron Alloy, Nickel–Iron–Chromium Alloy, and Nickel–Copper Alloy for Temperatures Not Exceeding 800°F
3-F.3M Fatigue Curve for Series 3XX High Alloy Steels, Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex Stainless Steels, Nickel–Chromium–Iron Alloy, Nickel–Iron–Chromium Alloy, and Nickel–Copper Alloy for Temperatures Not Exceeding 427°�C
226 3-F.4 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys ≤ 18 ksi
3-F.4M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σys ≤ 134 MPa
227 3-F.5 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys = 30 ksi
3-F.5M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σys = 207 MPa
228 3-F.6 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys = 45 ksi
3-F.6M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σys = 310 MPa
229 3-F.7 Fatigue Curve for Nickel–Chromium–Molybdenum–Iron Alloys X, G, C-4, and C-276 for Temperatures Not Exceeding 800°F
3-F.7M Fatigue Curve for Nickel–Chromium–Molybdenum–Iron Alloys X, G, C-4, and C-276 for Temperatures Not Exceeding 427°�C
230 3-F.8 Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — Maximum Nominal Stress ≤ 2.7SM
3-F.8M Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — Maximum Nominal Stress ≤ 2.7SM
231 3-F.9 Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — Maximum Nominal Stress > 2.7SM
3-F.9M Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — Maximum Nominal Stress > 2.7SM
238 4.1.1 Design Loads
4.1.2 Design Load Combinations
239 4.1.3 Load Factor, β, and Pressure Test Factors, βT, γmin, and γSt/S, for Class 1 and Class 2 Construction and Hydrostatic or Pneumatic Testing
245 4.2.1 Definition of Weld Categories
246 4.2.2 Definition of Weld Joint Types
4.2.3 Definition of Material Types for Welding and Fabrication Requirements
4.2.4 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Shell Seams
248 4.2.5 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Formed Heads
250 4.2.6 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Unstayed Flat Heads, Tubesheets Without a Bolting Flange, and Side Plates of Rectangular Pressure Vessels
251 4.2.7 Some Acceptable Weld Joints With Butt Weld Hubs
252 4.2.8 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Attachment of Tubesheets With a Bolting Flange
4.2.9 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Flange Attachments
255 4.2.10 Some Acceptable Full Penetration Welded Nozzle Attachments Not Readily Radiographable
257 4.2.11 Some Acceptable Pad Welded Nozzle Attachments and Other Connections to Shells
259 4.2.12 Some Acceptable Fitting-Type Welded Nozzle Attachments and Other Connections to Shells
260 4.2.13 Some Acceptable Welded Nozzle Attachments That Are Readily Radiographable
262 4.2.14 Some Acceptable Partial Penetration Nozzle Attachments
263 4.2.15 Nozzle Necks Attached to Piping of Lesser Wall Thickness
4.2.16 Corner Welds for Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
264 4.2.1 Weld Joint Locations Typical of Categories A, B, C, D, E, and F
265 4.2.2 Some Bracket, Lug, and Stiffener Attachment Weld Details
266 4.2.3 Some Acceptable Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings
267 4.2.4 Some Acceptable Skirt Weld Details
281 4.3.1 Large End Junction
282 4.3.2 Small End Junction
283 4.3.3 Pressure Applied to Large End Junction
284 4.3.4 Equivalent Line Load Applied to Large End Junction
285 4.3.5 Pressure Applied to Small End Junction
286 4.3.6 Equivalent Line Load Applied to Small End Junction
287 4.3.7 Stress Calculations — Knuckle — Large End Cylinder
289 4.3.8 Stress Calculations — Flare — Small End Cylinder
291 4.3.1 Conical Shell
4.3.2 Offset Transition Detail
292 4.3.3 Torispherical Head of Uniform Thickness
4.3.4 Torispherical Head of Different Thickness of Dome and Knuckle
4.3.5 Ellipsoidal Head
293 4.3.6 Local Thin Band in a Cylindrical Shell
294 4.3.7 Shells Subjected to Supplemental Loadings
295 4.3.8 Conical Transition Details
296 4.3.9 Reinforcement Requirements for Conical Transition Junction
297 4.3.10 Parameters for Knuckle and Flare Design
313 4.4.1 Maximum Metal Temperature for Compressive Stress Rules
4.4.2 Algorithm for Computation of Predicted Inelastic Buckling Stress, Fic
314 4.4.1 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Typical Vessel Configurations
315 4.4.2 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Cylindrical Shells
316 4.4.3 Stiffener Ring Parameters
317 4.4.4 Various Arrangements of Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure
318 4.4.5 Maximum Arc of Shell Left Unsupported Because of a Gap in the Stiffening Ring of a Cylindrical Shell Under External Pressure
319 4.4.6 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Conical Shells
320 4.4.7 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Conical Shell Transitions With or Without a Knuckle
341 4.5.1 Minimum Number of Pipe Threads for Connections
4.5.2 Nozzle Minimum Thickness Requirements
342 4.5.1 Nomenclature for Reinforced Openings
343 4.5.2 Nomenclature for Variable Thickness Openings
344 4.5.3 Radial Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
345 4.5.4 Hillside Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
346 4.5.5 Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell Oriented at an Angle From the Longitudinal Axis
347 4.5.6 Radial Nozzle in a Conical Shell
348 4.5.7 Nozzle in a Conical Shell Oriented Perpendicular to the Longitudinal Axis
349 4.5.8 Nozzle in a Conical Shell Oriented Parallel to the Longitudinal Axis
350 4.5.9 Radial Nozzle in a Formed Head
351 4.5.10 Hillside or Perpendicular Nozzle in a Spherical Shell or Formed Head
352 4.5.11 Example of Two Adjacent Nozzle Openings
4.5.12 Example of Three Adjacent Nozzle Openings
353 4.5.13 Metal Area Definition for A2 With Variable Thickness of Set-in Nozzles
354 4.5.14 Metal Area Definition for A2 With Variable Thickness of Set-on Nozzles
358 4.6.1 C Parameter for Flat Head Designs
362 4.6.2 Junction Stress Equations for an Integral Flat Head With Opening
4.6.3 Stress Acceptance Criteria for an Integral Flat Head With Opening
363 4.6.1 Integral Flat Head With a Large Central Opening
370 4.7.1 Type A Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.1 Junction Stress Equations and Acceptance Criteria for a Type D Head
371 4.7.2 Type B Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.3 Type C Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
372 4.7.4 Type D Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.5 Type D Head Geometry for Alternative Design Procedure
375 4.9.1 Stress Factor for Braced and Stayed Surfaces
376 4.9.1 Typical Forms of Welded Staybolts
378 4.10.1 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row
4.10.2 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row
379 4.10.3 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row
4.10.4 Example of Tube Spacing With the Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines
380 4.10.5 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
381 4.10.6 Diagram for Determining the Equivalent Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
385 4.11.1 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Shell
391 4.11.2 Design of Jacket Penetration Details
393 4.11.3 Coefficients for Eq. (4.11.5)
395 4.11.1 Types of Jacketed Vessels
396 4.11.2 Types of Partial Jackets
397 4.11.3 Half Pipe Jackets
407 4.12.1 Noncircular Vessel Configurations and Types
408 4.12.2 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 1 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section)
409 4.12.3 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 2 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Unequal Side Plate Thicknesses)
411 4.12.4 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 3 Noncircular Vessels (Chamfered Rectangular Cross Section)
412 4.12.5 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 4 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section)
414 4.12.6 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 5 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
416 4.12.7 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 6 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Octagonal Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
421 4.12.8 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 7 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
422 4.12.9 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 8 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Double-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
423 4.12.10 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 9 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section)
424 4.12.11 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 10 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Obround Cross Section)
426 4.12.12 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 11 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
427 4.12.13 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 12 Noncircular Vessels (Circular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate)
428 4.12.14 Effective Width Coefficient
429 4.12.15 Compressive Stress Calculations
430 4.12.1 Type 1 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section)
431 4.12.2 Type 2 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Unequal Side Plate Thicknesses)
432 4.12.3 Type 3 Noncircular Vessels Chamfered Rectangular Cross Section)
433 4.12.4 Type 4 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section)
434 4.12.5 Type 5 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
435 4.12.6 Type 6 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Octagonal Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
436 4.12.7 Type 6 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Octagonal Cross Section With Chamfered Corners — Details)
437 4.12.8 Type 7 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
438 4.12.9 Type 8 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Double-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
439 4.12.10 Type 9 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section)
440 4.12.11 Type 10 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Obround Cross Section)
441 4.12.12 Type 11 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
442 4.12.13 Type 12 Noncircular Vessels (Circular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate)
4.12.14 Multi-Diameter Holes
443 4.12.15 Rectangular Vessels With Multiple Compartments
450 4.13.1 Some Acceptable Layered Shell Types
451 4.13.2 Some Acceptable Layered Head Types
452 4.13.3 Transitions of Layered Shell Sections
453 4.13.4 Some Acceptable Welded Joints of Layered-to-Layered and Layered-to-Solid Sections
454 4.13.5 Some Acceptable Solid Head Attachments to Layered Shell Sections
457 4.13.6 Some Acceptable Flat Heads and Tubesheets With Hubs Joining Layered Shell Sections
458 4.13.7 Some Acceptable Flanges for Layered Shells
459 4.13.8 Some Acceptable Layered Head Attachments to Layered Shells
460 4.13.9 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachments to Layered Shell Sections
462 4.13.10 Some Acceptable Supports for Layered Vessels
463 4.13.11 Gap Between Vessel Layers
4.14.1 LTA Blend Radius Requirements
472 4.15.1 Stress Coefficients for Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Supports
473 4.15.1 Horizontal Vessel on Saddle Supports
474 4.15.2 Cylindrical Shell Without Stiffening Rings
475 4.15.3 Cylindrical Shell With Stiffening Rings in the Plane of the Saddle
476 4.15.4 Cylindrical Shell With Stiffening Rings on Both Sides of the Saddle
477 4.15.5 Locations of Maximum Longitudinal Normal Stress and Shear Stress in the Cylinder
478 4.15.6 Locations of Maximum Circumferential Normal Stresses in the Cylinder
479 4.15.7 Skirt Attachment Location on Vertical Vessels
480 4.15.8 A Typical Hot-Box Arrangement for Skirt Supported Vertical Vessels
487 4.16.1 Gasket Factors for Determining the Bolt Loads
489 4.16.2 Recommended Minimum Gasket Contact Width
4.16.3 Effective Gasket Width for Determining the Bolt Loads
491 4.16.4 Flange Stress Factors Equations Involving Diameter
493 4.16.5 Flange Stress Factor Equations
495 4.16.6 Moment Arms for Flange Loads for the Operating Condition
4.16.7 Flange Moments of Inertia
496 4.16.8 Flange Stress Equations
4.16.9 Flange Stress Acceptance Criteria
497 4.16.10 Flange Rigidity Criterion
498 4.16.11 Bolt Spacing Equations
4.16.12 Moment Factor, FM
499 4.16.1 Integral Type Flanges
500 4.16.2 Integral Type Flanges With a Hub
501 4.16.3 Integral Type Flanges With Nut Stops — Diameter Less Than or Equal to 450 mm (18 in.)
502 4.16.4 Integral Type Flanges With Nut Stops — Diameter Greater Than 450 mm (18 in.)
503 4.16.5 Loose Type Flanges
504 4.16.6 Loose-Type Lap Joint Type Flanges
505 4.16.7 Reverse Flanges
506 4.16.8 Location of Gasket Reaction Load Diameter
513 4.17.1 Flange Stress Equations
514 4.17.2 Flange Stress Acceptance Criteria
515 4.17.1 Typical Hub and Clamp Configuration
516 4.17.2 Typical Clamp Lugs Configurations
555 4.18.1 Effective Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Hole Pattern
556 4.18.2 Effective Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern
4.18.3 Evaluation of Za, Zd, Zv, Zw, Zm, and Fm
558 4.18.4 Evaluation of Ft,min and Ft,max
4.18.5 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joint Load Cases and Stress Limits
559 4.18.6 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W*
4.18.7 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for the Design Condition
4.18.8 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for Each Operating Condition x
4.18.9 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for Each Operating Condition x
560 4.18.1 Terminology of Heat Exchanger Components
561 4.18.2 Tubesheet Geometry
562 4.18.3 Typical Untubed Lane Configurations
563 4.18.4 U-Tube Tubesheet Configurations
564 4.18.5 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations
565 4.18.6 Zd, Zv, Zw, and Zm Versus Xa
566 4.18.7 Fm Versus Xa (0.0 ≤ Q3 ≤ 0.8)
567 4.18.8 Fm Versus Xa (−0.8 ≤ Q3 ≤ 0.0)
4.18.9 Different Shell Thickness and/or Material Adjacent to the Tubesheets
568 4.18.10 Floating Tubesheet Heat Exchangers
569 4.18.11 Stationary Tubesheet Configurations
570 4.18.12 Floating Tubesheet Configurations
571 4.18.14 Tube Layout Perimeter
572 4.18.15 Integral Channels
573 4.18.16 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the Tubesheet Flanged Extension, hr
4.18.17 Kettle Shell
574 4.18.18 Location of Tubesheet Metal Temperature, Tʹ, at the Rim
575 4.18.19 Nozzles Adjacent to Tubesheets
587 4.19.1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Application of the Rules of 4.19
588 4.19.2 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
589 4.19.3 Method to Determine Coefficient Cp
590 4.19.4 Method to Determine Coefficient Cf
4.19.5 Method to Determine Coefficient Cd
591 4.19.6 Allowable Number of Cycles for U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows
592 4.19.7 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
593 4.19.8 Allowable Number of Cycles for U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows
594 4.19.9 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for Toroidal Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
595 4.19.10 Stress and Axial Stiffness Coefficients for Toroidal Bellows
596 4.19.11 Allowable Number of Cycles for Toroidal Bellows
597 4.19.1 Typical Bellows Expansion Joints
598 4.19.2 Starting Points for the Measurement of the Length of Shell on Each Side of Bellows
599 4.19.3 Possible Convolution Profile in Neutral Position
4.19.4 Dimensions to Determine Ixx
600 4.19.5 Bellows Subjected to an Axial Displacement x
4.19.6 Bellows Subjected to a Lateral Deflection y
601 4.19.7 Bellows Subjected to an Angular Rotation θ
602 4.19.8 Cyclic Displacements
4.19.9 Cyclic Displacements
603 4.19.10 Cyclic Displacements
604 4.19.11 Some Typical Expansion Bellows Attachment Welds
605 4.19.12 Cp Versus C1 and C2
606 4.19.13 Cf Versus C1 and C2
607 4.19.14 Cd Versus C1 and C2
608 4.19.1 Metric Form Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Bellows Expansion Joints, Metric Units
609 4.19.2 U.S. Customary Form Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Bellows Expansion Joints, U.S. Customary Units
612 4.20.1 Typical Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
613 4.20.2 Typical Nozzle Attachment Details Showing Minimum Length of Straight Flange or Outer Shell Element
621 4.21.1 Efficiencies for Welded and/or Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
622 4.21.1 Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints Acceptable to Determine Joint Strength by Calculation
623 4.21.2 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
624 4.21.3 Typical Test Fixtures for Expanded or Welded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
636 TEXP-1 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS)
638 TEXP-1 Instructions for Filling Out TEPS Form
640 TEXP-2 Suggested Format for Tube-to-Tubesheet Expanding Procedure Qualification Record for Test Qualification (TEPQR)
671 5.1 Loads and Load Cases to Be Considered in a Design
672 5.2 Load Combination Parameters
673 5.3 Load Case Combinations and Allowable Stresses for an Elastic Analysis
674 5.4 Load Case Combinations and Load Factors for a Limit-Load Analysis
5.5 Load Case Combinations and Load Factors for an Elastic–Plastic Analysis
675 5.6 Examples of Stress Classification
677 5.7 Uniaxial Strain Limit for Use in Multiaxial Strain Limit Criterion
5.8 Temperature Factors for Fatigue-Screening Criteria
678 5.9 Fatigue-Screening Criteria for Method A
5.10 Factors for Method B
5.11 Weld Surface Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors
679 5.12 Weld Surface Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors
5.13 Fatigue Penalty Factors for Fatigue Analysis
680 5.14 Load Case Combinations for Method A and Method B Buckling Analysis
681 5.1 Stress Categories and Limits of Equivalent Stress
682 5.2 Example of Girth Weld Used to Tie Layers for Solid Wall Equivalence
5.3 Example of Circumferential Butt Weld Attachment Between Layered Sections in Zone of Discontinuity
683 5.4 An Example of Circle Weld Used to Tie Layers for Solid Wall Equivalence
689 5-A.1 Structural Stress Definitions for Continuum Finite Elements
690 5-A.2 Structural Stress Definitions for Shell or Plate Finite Elements
691 5-A.1 Stress Classification Line (SCL) and Stress Classification Plane (SCP)
692 5-A.2 Stress Classification Lines (SCLs)
693 5-A.3 Stress Classification Line Orientation and Validity Guidelines
694 5-A.4 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Stress Integration Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Continuum Elements
695 5-A.5 Continuum Finite Element Model Stress Classification Line for the Structural Stress Method
696 5-A.6 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Structural Stress Method Using Nodal Force Results From a Finite Element Model With Continuum Elements
697 5-A.7 Processing Nodal Force Results With the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Three-Dimensional Second Order Continuum Elements
698 5-A.8 Processing Structural Stress Method Results for a Symmetric Structural Stress Range
699 5-A.9 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Shell Elements
700 5-A.10 Processing Nodal Force Results With the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Three-Dimensional Second Order Shell Elements
701 5-A.11 Element Sets for Processing Finite Element Nodal Stress Results With the Structural Stress Method Based on Stress Integration
712 5-D.1 Stress Indices for Nozzles in Spherical Shells and Portions of Formed Heads
5-D.2 Stress Indices for Nozzles in Cylindrical Shells
713 5-D.3 Stress Indices for Laterals
714 5-D.1 Direction of Stress Components
715 5-D.2 Nozzle Nomenclature and Dimensions
716 5-D.3 Nomenclature and Loading for Laterals
725 5-E.1 Values of E* for Perforated Tubesheets With an Equilateral Triangular Pattern
5-E.2 Values of v* for Perforated Tubesheets With an Equilateral Triangular Pattern
726 5-E.3 Values of E* for Perforated Tubesheets With a Square Pattern
5-E.4 Values of v* for Perforated Tubesheets With a Square Pattern
727 5-E.5 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Triangular Hole Pattern
728 5-E.6 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern — Pitch Direction
729 5-E.7 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern — Diagonal Direction
730 5-E.8 Orthotropic Effective Elasticity Matrix for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Hole Pattern
731 5-E.9 Orthotropic Effective Elasticity Matrix for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern
732 5-E.10 Equations for Determining Stress Components Based on the Results From an Equivalent Plate Analysis for an Equilateral Rectangular Hole Pattern
733 5-E.11 Stress Factor Kx Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
734 5-E.12 Stress Factor Ky Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
735 5-E.13 Stress Factor Kxy Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
738 5-E.14 Stress Factor Kxz Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
739 5-E.15 Stress Factor Kyz Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
741 5-E.16 Stress Factors Kx and Ky Coefficients — Rectangular Hole Pattern
742 5-E.17 Stress Factor Kxy — Square Hole Pattern
743 5-E.18 Stress Factors Kxz and Kyz — Square Hole Pattern
744 5-E.19 Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Analysis (See Figure 5-E.3)
745 5-E.1 Perforated Plate Geometry Details
746 5-E.2 Perforated Plate Geometry Details
747 5-E.3 Boundary Conditions for Numerical Analysis
748 5-E.4 Stress Orientations for Perforated Plate With Triangular Pattern Holes
749 5-E.5 Stress Orientations for Perforated Plate With Square Pattern Holes
755 5-F.1 Construction of the Testing Parameter Ratio Diagram
756 5-F.2 Construction of the Testing Parameter Ratio Diagram for Accelerated Tests
787 6.1 Equations for Calculating Forming Strains
6.2.A Post-Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements for P-No. 15E Materials
788 6.2.B Post-Fabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment for High Alloy Materials
789 6.3 Post-Fabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment for Nonferrous Materials
6.4 Maximum Allowable Offset in Welded Joints
790 6.5 Welding Process Application Limitations
6.6 Maximum Reinforcement for Welded Joints
791 6.7 Minimum Preheat Temperatures for Welding
792 6.8 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 1, Group 1, 2, 3
793 6.9 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 3, Group 1, 2, 3
794 6.10 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 4, Group 1, 2
795 6.11 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 5A; P-No. 5B, Group 1; and P-No. 5C, Group 1
796 6.11.A Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 15E, Group 1
797 6.12 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 6, Group 1, 2, 3
798 6.13 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 7, Group 1, 2; and P-No. 8
799 6.14 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 9A, Group 1, and P-No. 9B, Group 1
801 6.15 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 10A, Group 1; P-No. 10C, Group 1; P-No. 10H, Group 1; P-No. 10I, Group 1; P-No. 10K, Group 1; and P-No. 45
804 6.16 Alternative Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements
6.17 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Quenched and Tempered Materials in Table 3-A.2
805 6.18 Quench and Tempered Steels Conditionally Exempt From Production Impact Tests
806 6.19 High Nickel Alloy Filler for Quench and Tempered Steels
6.20 Mandrel Radius for Guided Bend Tests for Forged Fabrication
807 6.21 U-Shaped Unreinforced and Reinforced Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances
808 6.1 Peaking Height at a Category A Joint
6.2 Weld Toe Dressing
809 6.3 Forged Bottle Construction
810 6.4 Solid-to-Layer and Layer-to-Layer Test Plates
811 6.5 Tensile Specimens for Layered Vessel Construction
812 6.6 Toroidal Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances
820 6-A.9.2-1 Technical Data Sheet for PMI
835 7.1 Examination Groups for Pressure Vessels
836 7.2 Nondestructive Examination
840 7.3 Selection of Nondestructive Testing Method for Full Penetration Joints
7.4 Nondestructive Examination of Layered Vessels
841 7.5 NDE Techniques, Method, Characterization, Acceptance Criteria
7.6 Visual Examination Acceptance Criteria
843 7.7 Radiographic Acceptance Standards for Rounded Indications (Examples Only)
7.8 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 6 mm (1/4 in.) and Less Than 13 mm (1/2 in.)
844 7.9 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 13 mm (1/2 in.) and Less Than 25 mm (1 in.)
7.10 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 25 mm (1 in.) and Less Than or Equal to 300 mm (12 in.)
845 7.11 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Equal to or Greater Than 400 mm (16 in.)
846 7.1 Examination of Layered Vessels
847 7.2 Examination of Layered Vessels
848 7.3 Aligned Rounded Indications
7.4 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
849 7.5 Charts for 3 mm (1/8 in.) to 6 mm (1/4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
7.6 Charts for Over 6 mm (1/4 in.) to 10 mm (3/8 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
850 7.7 Charts for Over 10 mm (3/8 in.) to 19 mm (3/4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
851 7.8 Charts for Over 19 mm (3/4 in.) to 50 mm (2 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
852 7.9 Charts for Over 50 mm (2 in.) to 100 mm (4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
853 7.10 Charts for Over 100 mm (4 in.) Wall Thickness
854 7.11 Flaw Classification of Single Indication
855 7.12 Surface Flaw Acceptance Criteria
857 7.13 Subsurface Flaw Acceptance Criteria
859 7.14 Multiple Planar Flaws Oriented in a Plane Normal to the Pressure-Retaining Surface
860 7.15 Surface and Subsurface Flaws
861 7.16 Nonaligned Coplanar Flaws in a Plane Normal to the Pressure-Retaining Surface
862 7.17 Multiple Aligned Planar Flaws
863 7.18 Dimension a for Partial Penetration and Fillet Welds
7.19 Dimensions a and d for a Partial Penetration Corner Weld
866 7-A.1 Inspection and Examination Activities and Responsibilities/Duties
ASME BPVC VIII 2 2023
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