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ASME BPVC VIII 2 2007

ASME BPVC VIII 2 2007

$377.00

ASME BPVC – VIII – 2 -2007 BPVC Section VIII-Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 2-Alternative Rules

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2007 980
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 LIST OF BPVC SECTIONS
6 CONTENTS
20 FOREWORD
22 STATEMENTS OF POLICY
23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
24 PERSONNEL
36 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
38 PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
39 1.1 General
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 Organization
1.1.3 Definitions
40 1.2 Scope
1.2.1 Overview
41 1.2.2 Additional Requirements for Very High Pressure Vessels
1.2.3 Geometric Scope of This Division
1.2.4 Classifications Outside the Scope of this Division
42 1.2.5 Combination Units
1.2.6 Field Assembly of Vessels
43 1.2.7 Pressure Relief Devices
1.3 Standards Referenced by This Division
1.4 Units of Measurement
44 1.5 Technical Inquires
45 1.6 Tables
47 ANNEX 1.A SUBMITTAL OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES TO THE BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL STANDARDS COMMITTEE
1.A.1 Introduction
1.A.2 Inquiry Format
48 1.A.3 Code Revisions or Additions
1.A.4 Code Cases
1.A.5 Code Interpretations
49 1.A.6 Submittals
50 ANNEX 1.B DEFINITIONS
1.B.1 Introduction
1.B.2 Definition of Terms
52 ANNEX 1.C GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF US CUSTOMARY AND SI UNITS IN THE ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODES
60 PART 2 RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES
62 2.1 General
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Definitions
2.1.3 Code Reference
2.2 User Responsibilities
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 User’s Design Specification
65 2.3 Manufacturer’s Responsibilities
2.3.1 Code Compliance
2.3.2 Materials Selection
2.3.3 Manufacturer’s Design Report
66 2.3.4 Manufacturer’s Data Report
2.3.5 Manufacturer’s Construction Records
2.3.6 Quality Control System
67 2.3.7 Certification of Subcontracted Services
2.3.8 Inspection and Examination
2.3.9 Application of Code Stamp
2.4 The Inspector
2.4.1 Identification of Inspector
2.4.2 Inspector Qualification
68 2.4.3 Inspector’s Duties
69 ANNEX 2.A GUIDE FOR CERTIFYING A USER’S DESIGN SPECIFICATION
2.A.1 General
2.A.2 Certification of the User’s Design specification
71 2.A.3 Tables
72 ANNEX 2.B GUIDE FOR CERTIFYING A MANUFACTURER’S DESIGN REPORT
2.B.1 General
2.B.2 Certification of Manufacturer’s Design Report
74 2.B.3 Tables
75 ANNEX 2.C REPORT FORMS AND MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS
2.C.1 Manufacturer’s Data Reports
76 2.C.2 Partial Data Reports
2.C.3 Maintenance of Records
77 ANNEX 2.D GUIDE FOR PREPARING MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORTS
2.D.1 Introduction
78 2.D.2 Tables
87 ANNEX 2.E QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM
2.E.1 General
2.E.2 Outline of Features Included in the Quality Control System
2.E.3 Authority and Responsibility
88 2.E.4 Organization
2.E.5 Drawings, Design Calculations, and Specification Control
2.E.6 Material Control
2.E.7 Examination and Inspection Program
2.E.8 Correction of Nonconformities
2.E.9 Welding
2.E.10 Nondestructive Examination
2.E.11 Heat Treatment
2.E.12 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment
89 2.E.13 Records Retention
2.E.14 Sample Forms
2.E.15 Inspection of Vessels and Vessel Parts
2.E.16 Inspection of Pressure Relief Valves
90 ANNEX 2.F CONTENTS AND METHOD OF STAMPING
2.F.1 Required Marking for Vessels
2.F.2 Methods of Marking Vessels with Two or More Independent Chambers
91 2.F.3 Application of Stamp
2.F.4 Part Marking
2.F.5 Application of Markings
92 2.F.6 Duplicate Nameplate
2.F.7 Size and Arrangements of Characters for Nameplate and Direct Stamping of Vessels
2.F.8 Attachment of Nameplate or Tag
93 2.F.9 Figures
94 ANNEX 2.G OBTAINING AND USING CODE STAMPS
2.G.1 Code Stamps Bearing Official Symbol
2.G.2 Application for Authorization
2.G.3 Issuance of Authorization
95 2.G.4 Inspection Agreement
2.G.5 Quality Control System
2.G.6 Evaluation for Authorization and Reauthorization
96 2.G.7 Code Construction Before Receipt of Certificate of Authorization
97 ANNEX 2.H GUIDE TO INFORMATION APPEARING ON THE CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION
2.H.1 Introduction
98 2.H.2 Tables
99 2.H.3 Figures
100 PART 3 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS
103 3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Materials Permitted For Construction of Vessel Parts
3.2.1 Materials for Pressure Parts
3.2.2 Materials for Attachments to Pressure Parts
104 3.2.3 Welding Materials
3.2.4 Dissimilar Materials
3.2.5 Product Specifications
105 3.2.6 Certification
3.2.7 Product Identification and Traceability
106 3.2.8 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts
107 3.2.9 Definition of Product Form Thickness
3.2.10 Product Form Tolerances
108 3.2.11 Purchase Requirements
3.3 Supplemental Requirements for Ferrous Materials
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Chemistry Requirements
3.3.3 Ultrasonic Examination of Plates
3.3.4 Ultrasonic Examination of Forgings
109 3.3.5 Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Examination of Forgings
3.3.6 Integral and Weld Metal Overlay Clad Base Metal
110 3.4 Supplemental Requirements for Cr– Mo Steels
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Postweld Heat Treatment
3.4.3 Test Specimen Heat Treatment
3.4.4 Weld Procedure Qualifications and Weld Consumables Testing
111 3.4.5 Toughness Requirements
3.5 Supplemental Requirements for Q& T Steels with Enhanced Tensile Properties
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Parts for Which Q& T Steels May be Used
3.5.3 Structural Attachments
112 3.6 Supplemental Requirements for Nonferrous Materials
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Ultrasonic Examination of Plates
3.6.3 Ultrasonic Examination of Forgings
3.6.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination of Forgings
113 3.6.5 Clad Plate and Products
3.7 Supplemental Requirements for Bolting
3.7.1 General
3.7.2 Examination of Bolts, Studs, and Nuts
114 3.7.3 Threading and Machining of Studs
3.7.4 Use of Washers
3.7.5 Ferrous Bolting
3.7.6 Nonferrous Bolting
115 3.7.7 Materials for Ferrous and Nonferrous Nuts of Special Design
3.8 Supplemental Requirements for Castings
3.8.1 General
3.8.2 Requirements for Ferrous Castings
117 3.8.3 Requirements for Nonferrous Castings
118 3.9 Supplemental Requirements for Hubs Machined From Plate
3.9.1 General
3.9.2 Material Requirements
3.9.3 Examination Requirements
3.9.4 Data Reports and Marking
119 3.10 Material Test Requirements
3.10.1 General
3.10.2 Requirements for Sample Test Coupons
3.10.3 Exemptions from Requirement of Sample Test Coupons
3.10.4 Procedure for Obtaining Test Specimens and Coupons
121 3.10.5 Procedure for Heat Treating Test Specimens from Ferrous Materials
3.10.6 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for Nonferrous Materials
122 3.11 Material Toughness Requirements
3.11.1 General
3.11.2 Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Except Bolting
127 3.11.3 Quenched and Tempered Steels
128 3.11.4 High Alloy Steels Except Bolting
131 3.11.5 Non-Ferrous Alloys
3.11.6 Bolting Materials
3.11.7 Toughness Testing Procedures
133 3.11.8 Impact Testing Of Welding Procedures and Test Plates of Ferrous Materials
135 3.12 Allowable Design Stresses
3.13 Strength Parameters
3.14 Physical Properties
3.15 Design Fatigue Curves
136 3.16 Nomenclature
3.17 Definitions
137 3.18 Tables
147 3.19 Figures
169 ANNEX 3.A ALLOWABLE DESIGN STRESSES
3.A.1 Allowable Stress Basis – All Materials Except Bolting
3.A.2 Allowable Stress Basis – Bolting Materials
171 3.A.3 Tables
195 ANNEX 3.B REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIAL PROCUREMENT (CURRENTLY NOT USED)
196 ANNEX 3.C ISO MATERIAL GROUP NUMBERS (CURRENTLY NOT USED)
197 ANNEX 3.D STRENGTH PARAMETERS
3.D.1 Yield Strength
3.D.2 Ultimate Tensile Strength
3.D.3 Stress Strain Curve
198 3.D.4 Cyclic Stress Strain Curve
3.D.5 Tangent Modulus
3.D.5.1 Tangent Modulus Based on the Stress-Strain Curve Model
199 3.D.5.2 Tangent Modulus Based on External Pressure Charts
200 3.D.6 Nomenclature
201 3.D.7 Tables
206 ANNEX 3.E PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
3.E.1 Young’s Modulus
3.E.2 Thermal Expansion Coefficient
3.E.3 Thermal Conductivity
3.E.4 Thermal Diffusivity
207 ANNEX 3.F DESIGN FATIGUE CURVES
3.F.1 Smooth Bar Design Fatigue Curves
208 3.F.2 Welded Joint Design Fatigue Curves
210 3.F.3 Nomenclature
211 3.F.4 Tables
224 PART 4 DESIGN BY RULE REQUIREMENTS
229 4.1 General Requirements
4.1.1 Scope
4.1.2 Minimum Thickness Requirements
230 4.1.3 Material Thickness Requirements
4.1.4 Corrosion Allowance in Design Equations
4.1.5 Design Basis
232 4.1.6 Design Allowable Stress
233 4.1.7 Materials in Combination
4.1.8 Combination Units
234 4.1.9 Cladding and Weld Overlay
4.1.10 Internal Linings
4.1.11 Flanges and Pipe Fittings
235 4.1.12 Nomenclature
236 4.1.13 Tables
237 4.2 Design Rules for Welded Joints
4.2.1 Scope
4.2.2 Weld Category
4.2.3 Weld Joint Type
4.2.4 Weld Joint Efficiency
4.2.5 Types of Joints Permitted
245 4.2.6 Nomenclature
246 4.2.7 Tables
267 4.2.8 Figures
271 4.3 Design Rules For Shells Under Internal Pressure
4.3.1 Scope
4.3.2 Shell Tolerances
272 4.3.3 Cylindrical Shells
4.3.4 Conical Shells
4.3.5 Spherical Shells and Hemispherical Heads
4.3.6 Torispherical Heads
275 4.3.7 Ellipsoidal Heads
4.3.8 Local Thin Areas
276 4.3.9 Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through the Vessel Wall
4.3.10 Combined Loadings and Allowable Stresses
278 4.3.11 Cylindrical-To-Conical Shell Transition Junctions Without a Knuckle
281 4.3.12 Cylindrical-To-Conical Shell Transition Junctions with a Knuckle
283 4.3.13 Nomenclature
287 4.3.14 Tables
297 4.3.15 Figures
304 4.4 Design of Shells Under External Pressure and Allowable Compressive Stresses
4.4.1 Scope
305 4.4.2 Design Factors
4.4.3 Material Properties
306 4.4.4 Shell Tolerances
307 4.4.5 Cylindrical Shell
311 4.4.6 Conical Shell
312 4.4.7 Spherical Shell and Hemispherical Head
313 4.4.8 Torispherical Head
314 4.4.9 Ellipsoidal Head
4.4.10 Local Thin Areas
4.4.11 Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through the Vessel Wall
4.4.12 Combined Loadings and Allowable Compressive Stresses
323 4.4.13 Cylindrical- To- Conical Shell Transition Junctions Without A Knuckle
4.4.14 Cylindrical- To- Conical Shell Transition Junctions With A Knuckle
324 4.4.15 Nomenclature
328 4.4.16 Tables
329 4.4.17 Figures
336 4.5 Design Rules for Openings in Shells and Heads
4.5.1 Scope
4.5.2 Dimensions and Shape of Nozzles
4.5.3 Method of Nozzle Attachment
337 4.5.4 Nozzle Neck Minimum Thickness Requirements
4.5.5 Radial Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
341 4.5.6 Hillside Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
4.5.7 Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell Oriented at an Angle from the Longitudinal Axis
4.5.8 Radial Nozzle in a Conical Shell
342 4.5.9 Nozzle in a Conical Shell
4.5.10 Radial Nozzle in a Spherical Shell or Formed Head
346 4.5.11 Hillside or Perpendicular Nozzle in a Formed Head
4.5.12 Circular Nozzles in a Flat Head
347 4.5.13 Spacing Requirements for Nozzles
348 4.5.14 Strength of Nozzle Attachment Welds
351 4.5.15 Local Stresses in Nozzles in Shells and Formed Heads from External Loads
352 4.5.16 Inspection Openings
353 4.5.17 Reinforcement of Openings Subject to Compressive Stress
354 4.5.18 Nomenclature
357 4.5.19 Tables
358 4.5.20 Figures
365 4.6 Design Rules for Flat Heads
4.6.1 Scope
4.6.2 Flat Unstayed Circular Heads
366 4.6.3 Flat Unstayed Non- Circular Heads
4.6.4 Integral Flat Head With A Centrally Located Opening
368 4.6.5 Nomenclature
370 4.6.6 Tables
376 4.6.7 Figures
377 4.7 Design Rules for Spherically Dished Bolted Covers
4.7.1 Scope
4.7.2 Type A Head Thickness Requirements
4.7.3 Type B Head Thickness Requirements
378 4.7.4 Type C Head Thickness Requirements
379 4.7.5 Type D Head Thickness Requirements
383 4.7.6 Nomenclature
385 4.7.7 Tables
386 4.7.8 Figures
389 4.8 Design Rules for Quick-Actuating (Quick Opening) Closures
4.8.1 Scope
4.8.2 Definitions
4.8.3 General Design Requirements
390 4.8.4 Specific Design Requirements
4.8.5 Alternative Designs for Manually Operated Closures
4.8.6 Supplementary Requirements for Quick-Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures
391 4.9 Design Rules for Braced and Stayed Surfaces
4.9.1 Scope
4.9.2 Required Thickness of Braced and Stayed Surfaces
4.9.3 Required Dimensions and Layout of Staybolts and Stays
4.9.4 Requirements for Welded- in Staybolts and Welded Stays
393 4.9.5 Nomenclature
394 4.9.6 Tables
395 4.9.7 Figures
396 4.10 Design Rules for Ligaments
4.10.1 Scope
4.10.2 Ligament Efficiency
397 4.10.3 Ligament Efficiency and the Weld Joint Factor
4.10.4 Nomenclature
398 4.10.5 Figures
402 4.11 Design Rules for Jacketed Vessels
4.11.1 Scope
4.11.2 Design of Jacketed Shells and Jacketed Heads
403 4.11.3 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Vessel
4.11.4 Design of Penetrations Through Jackets
404 4.11.5 Design of Partial Jackets
4.11.6 Design of Half–Pipe Jackets
405 4.11.7 Nomenclature
406 4.11.8 Tables
417 4.11.9 Figures
420 4.12 Design Rules for NonCircular Vessels
4.12.1 Scope
4.12.2 General Design Requirements
421 4.12.3 Requirements for Vessels With Reinforcement
423 4.12.4 Requirements for Vessels With Stays
424 4.12.5 Requirements for Rectangular Vessels With Small Aspect Ratios
4.12.6 Weld Joint Factors and Ligament Efficiency
427 4.12.7 Design Procedure
428 4.12.8 Noncircular Vessels Subject to External Pressure
429 4.12.9 Rectangular Vessels With Two or More Compartments of Unequal Size
4.12.10 Fabrication
430 4.12.11 Nomenclature
433 4.12.12 Tables
469 4.12.13 Figures
484 4.13 Design Rules for Layered Vessels
4.13.1 Scope
4.13.2 Definitions
4.13.3 General
4.13.4 Design for Internal Pressure
485 4.13.5 Design for External Pressure
4.13.6 Design of Welded Joints
486 4.13.7 Nozzles and Nozzle Reinforcement
487 4.13.8 Flat Heads
4.13.9 Bolted and Studded Connections
4.13.10 Attachments and Supports
4.13.11 Vent Holes
488 4.13.12 Shell Tolerances
490 4.13.13 Nomenclature
491 4.13.14 Figures
504 4.14 Evaluation of Vessels Outside of Tolerance
4.14.1 Shell Tolerances
4.14.2 Local Thin Areas
4.14.3 Marking and Reports
505 4.14.4 Figures
506 4.15 Design Rules for Supports and Attachments
4.15.1 Scope
4.15.2 Design of Supports
4.15.3 Saddle Supports for Horizontal Vessels
513 4.15.4 Skirt Supports for Vertical Vessels
514 4.15.5 Lug And Leg Supports
515 4.15.6 Nomenclature
516 4.15.7 Tables
518 4.15.8 Figures
526 4.16 Design Rules for Flanged Joints
4.16.1 Scope
4.16.2 Design Considerations
527 4.16.3 Flange Types
4.16.4 Flange Materials
528 4.16.5 Gasket Materials
4.16.6 Design Bolt Loads
529 4.16.7 Flange Design Procedure
531 4.16.8 Split Loose Type Flanges
4.16.9 Noncircular Shaped Flanges with a Circular Bore
4.16.10 Flanges with Nut Stops
4.16.11 Joint Assembly Procedures
532 4.16.12 Nomenclature
535 4.16.13 Tables
547 4.16.14 Figures
555 4.17 Design Rules for Clamped Connections
4.17.1 Scope
4.17.2 Design Considerations
4.17.3 Flange Materials
556 4.17.4 Design Bolt Loads
557 4.17.5 Flange and Clamp Design Procedure
560 4.17.6 Nomenclature
563 4.17.7 Tables
565 4.17.8 Figures
567 4.18 Design Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
4.18.1 Scope
4.18.2 Terminology
4.18.3 General Design Considerations
4.18.4 General Conditions of Applicability for Tubesheets
568 4.18.5 Tubesheet Flanged Extension
4.18.6 Tubesheet Characteristics
570 4.18.7 Rules for the Design of U-Tube Tubesheets
575 4.18.8 Rules for the Design of Fixed Tubesheets
588 4.18.9 Rules for the Design of Floating Tubesheets
598 4.18.10 Tube-to-Tubesheet Welds
601 4.18.11 Thin-Walled Expansion Joints
4.18.12 Thick-Walled Expansion Joints
602 4.18.13 Pressure Test Requirements
4.18.14 Heat Exchanger Marking and Reports
604 4.18.15 Nomenclature
609 4.18.16 Tables
613 4.18.17 Figures
627 4.19 Design Rules for Thin-Walled Expansion Joints
4.19.1 Scope
4.19.2 Conditions of Applicability
4.19.3 Design Considerations
629 4.19.4 Materials
4.19.5 Design of U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows
631 4.19.6 Design of U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows
633 4.19.7 Design of Toroidal Bellows
634 4.19.8 Bellows Subject to Axial, Lateral or Angular Displacements
637 4.19.9 Fabrication
4.19.10 Examination
4.19.11 Pressure Test Requirements
4.19.12 Marking and Reports
638 4.19.13 Specification Sheet for Expansion Joints
639 4.19.14 Nomenclature
641 4.19.15 Tables
651 4.19.16 Figures
661 4.19.17 Specification Sheets
663 ANNEX 4.A CURRENTLY NOT USED
664 ANNEX 4.B GUIDE FOR THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF QUICK-ACTUATING (QUICK-OPENING) CLOSURES
4.B.1 Introduction
4.B.2 Responsibilities
4.B.3 Design
665 4.B.4 Installation
666 4.B.5 Inspection
4.B.6 Training
4.B.7 Administrative Controls
667 ANNEX 4.C BASIS FOR ESTABLISHING ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR TUBE-O-TUBESHEET JOINTS
4.C.1 General
668 4.C.2 Maximum Axial Loads
4.C.3 Shear Load Test
670 4.C.4 Acceptance Standards for Joint Efficiency Factor Determined By Test
4.C.5 Acceptance Standards for Proposed Operating Temperatures Determined By Test
671 4.C.6 Nomenclature
673 4.C.7 Tables
674 4.C.8 Figures
676 PART 5 DESIGN BY ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS
678 5.1 General Requirements
5.1.1 Scope
5.1.2 Numerical Analysis
679 5.1.3 Loading Conditions
680 5.2 Protection Against Plastic Collapse
5.2.1 Overview
5.2.2 Elastic Stress Analysis Method
683 5.2.3 Limit-Load Analysis Method
684 5.2.4 Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis Method
686 5.3 Protection Against Local Failure
5.3.1 Overview
5.3.2 Elastic Analysis
5.3.3 Elastic-Plastic Analysis
687 5.4 Protection Against Collapse From Buckling
5.4.1 Design Factors
688 5.4.2 Numerical Analysis
5.5 Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading
5.5.1 Overview
689 5.5.2 Screening Criteria for Fatigue Analysis
692 5.5.3 Fatigue Assessment – Elastic Stress Analysis and Equivalent Stresses
695 5.5.4 Fatigue Assessment – Elastic- Plastic Stress Analysis and Equivalent Strains
697 5.5.5 Fatigue Assessment of Welds – Elastic Analysis and Structural Stress
701 5.5.6 Ratcheting Assessment – Elastic Stress Analysis
703 5.5.7 Ratcheting Assessment – Elastic- Plastic Stress Analysis
704 5.6 Supplemental Requirements for Stress Classification in Nozzle Necks
705 5.7 Supplemental Requirements for Bolts
5.7.1 Design Requirements
5.7.2 Service Stress Requirements
5.7.3 Fatigue Assessment Of Bolts
706 5.8 Supplemental Requirements for Perforated Plates
5.9 Supplemental Requirements for Layered Vessels
5.10 Experimental Stress Analysis
5.11 Fracture Mechanic Evaluations
707 5.12 Definitions
709 5.13 Nomenclature
715 5.14 Tables
728 5.15 Figures
731 ANNEX 5.A LINEARIZATION OF STRESS RESULTS FOR STRESS CLASSIFICATION
5.A.1 Scope
5.A.2 General
5.A.3 Selection of Stress Classification Lines
732 5.A.4 Stress Integration Method
5.A.4.1 Continuum Elements
733 5.A.4.2 Shell Elements
734 5.A.5 Structural Stress Method Based on Nodal Forces
5.A.5.1 Overview
5.A.5.2 Continuum Elements
735 5.A.5.3 Shell Elements
5.A.6 Structural Stress Method Based on Stress Integration
736 5.A.7 Nomenclature
737 5.A.8 Tables
739 5.A.9 Figures
750 ANNEX 5.B HISTOGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND CYCLE COUNTING FOR FATIGUE ANALYSIS
5.B.1 General
5.B.2 Definitions
5.B.3 Histogram Development
751 5.B.4 Cycle Counting Using the Rainflow Method
5.B.5 Cycle Counting Using Max-Min Cycle Counting Method
753 5.B.6 Nomenclature
754 ANNEX 5.C ALTERNATIVE PLASTICITY ADJUSTMENT FACTORS AND EFFECTIVE ALTERNATING STRESS FOR ELASTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS
5.C.1 General
5.C.2 Effective Alternating Stress for Elastic Fatigue Analysis
759 5.C.3 Nomenclature
761 ANNEX 5.D STRESS INDICES
5.D.1 General
5.D.2 Stress Indices for Radial Nozzles
763 5.D.3 Stress Indices for Laterals
764 5.D.4 Nomenclature
765 5.D.5 Tables
767 5.D.6 Figures
770 ANNEX 5.E DESIGN METHODS FOR PERFORATED PLATES BASED ON ELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS
5.E.1 Overview
5.E.2 Stress Analysis of the Equivalent Solid Plate
771 5.E.3 Stiffness Effects of the Tubes
5.E.4 Effective Material Properties for the Equivalent Solid Plate
773 5.E.5 Pressure Effects in Tubesheet Perforations
5.E.6 Protection Against Plastic Collapse
774 5.E.7 Protection Against Cyclic Loading
778 5.E.8 Nomenclature
782 5.E.9 Tables
807 5.E.10 Figures
812 ANNEX 5.F EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS
5.F.1 Overview
5.F.2 Strain Measurement Test Procedure for Stress Components
813 5.F.3 Protection Against Cyclic Loading
817 5.F.4 Nomenclature
819 5.F.5 Figures
822 PART 6 FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
824 6.1 General Fabrication Requirements
6.1.1 Materials
825 6.1.2 Forming
827 6.1.3 Base Metal Preparation
828 6.1.4 Fitting and Alignment
829 6.1.5 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Welded
6.1.6 Alignment Tolerances for Edges to Be Butt Welded
830 6.2 Welding Fabrication Requirements
6.2.1 Welding Processes
6.2.2 Welding Qualifications and Records
832 6.2.3 Precautions to Be Taken Before Welding
6.2.4 Specific Requirements for Welded Joints
834 6.2.5 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements
836 6.2.6 Summary of Joints Permitted and Their Examination
6.2.7 Repair of Weld Defects
6.2.8 Special Requirements for Welding Test Plates for Titanium Materials
837 6.3 Special Requirements for Tube-To-Tubesheet Welds
6.3.1 Material Requirements
6.3.2 Holes in Tubesheets
6.3.3 Weld Design and Joint Preparation
6.3.4 Qualification of Welding Procedure
6.4 Preheating and Heat Treatment of Weldments
6.4.1 Requirements for Preheating of Welds
6.4.2 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment
839 6.4.3 Procedures for Postweld Heat Treatment
841 6.4.4 Operation of Postweld Heat Treatment
6.4.5 Postweld Heat Treatment after Repairs
842 6.4.6 Postweld Heat Treatment of Nonferrous Materials
843 6.5 Special Requirements For Clad or Weld Overlay Linings, and Lined Parts
6.5.1 Materials
844 6.5.2 Joints In Corrosion Resistant Clad or Weld Metal Overlay Linings
6.5.3 Welding Procedures
6.5.4 Methods to Be Used In Attaching Applied Linings
6.5.5 Postweld Heat Treatment of Clad and Lined Weldments
6.5.6 Requirements for Base Material With Corrosion Resistant Integral or Weld Metal Overlay Cladding
845 6.5.7 Examination Requirements
6.5.8 Inspection and Tests
6.5.9 Stamping and Reports
6.6 Special Requirements for Tensile Property Enhanced Q and T Ferritic Steels
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Marking on Plates and Other Materials
6.6.3 Requirements for Heat Treating After Forming
6.6.4 Minimum Thickness after Forming
846 6.6.5 Welding Requirements
848 6.6.6 Postweld Heat Treatment
849 6.6.7 Heat Treatment Certification Tests
850 6.6.8 Examination Requirements
6.6.9 Inspection and Tests
6.6.10 Stamping and Reports
6.7 Special Requirements for Forged Fabrication
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Ultrasonic Examination
6.7.3 Toughness Requirements
6.7.4 Tolerances on Cylindrical Forgings
851 6.7.5 Methods of Forming Forged Heads
6.7.6 Heat Treatment Requirements for Forged Fabrication
852 6.7.7 Welding For Fabrication
853 6.7.8 Repair of Defects in Material
854 6.7.9 Threaded Connections to Vessel Walls, Forged Necks, and Heads
6.7.10 Inspection, Examination, and Testing
855 6.7.11 Stamping and Reports for Forged Vessels
6.7.12 Pressure Relief Devices
6.8 Special Fabrication Requirements for Layered Vessels
6.8.1 General
6.8.2 General Fabrication Requirements
6.8.3 Welding Fabrication Requirements
6.8.4 Welding Qualification and Records
856 6.8.5 Specific Requirements for Welded Joints
857 6.8.6 Nondestructive Examination of Welded Joints
6.8.7 Welded Joint Efficiency
6.8.8 Contact between Layers
858 6.8.9 Vent Holes
6.8.10 Heat Treatment of Weldments
859 6.9 Nomenclature
860 6.10 Tables
886 6.11 Figures
892 PART 7 INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS
894 7.1 General
7.2 Responsibilities and Duties
7.2.1 Responsibilities and Duties of the Manufacturer and Inspector
7.2.2 Access for Inspector
7.2.3 Notification of Work Progress
7.3 Verification and Examination Prior To Welding
7.3.1 Compliance of Material with Requirements and Marking
7.3.2 Dimensional Check of Component Parts
7.3.3 Verification of Heat Treatment Practice
7.3.4 Verification of Welding Procedure Specification
895 7.3.5 Verification of Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualification
7.4 Examination of Welded Joints
7.4.1 Nondestructive Examination Requirements
7.4.2 Examination Groups for Pressure Vessels
7.4.3 Extent of Nondestructive Examination
897 7.4.4 Selection of Examination Method for Internal (Volumetric) Flaws
7.4.5 Selection of Examination Method for Surface Flaws
7.4.6 Surface Condition and Preparation
7.4.7 Supplemental Examination for Cyclic Service
7.4.8 Examination and Inspection of Vessels with Protective Linings and Cladding
898 7.4.9 Examination and Inspection of Tensile Property Enhanced Q and T Vessels
899 7.4.10 Examination and Inspection of Integrally Forged Vessels
900 7.4.11 Examination and Inspection of Fabricated Layered Vessels
902 7.5 Examination Method and Acceptance Criteria
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Visual Examination
903 7.5.3 Radiographic Examination
905 7.5.4 Ultrasonic Examination
906 7.5.5 Ultrasonic Examination Used in Lieu of Radiographic Examination
909 7.5.6 Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)
910 7.5.7 Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT)
911 7.5.8 Eddy Current Surface Examination Procedure Requirements (ET)
914 7.5.9 Evaluation and Retest for Partial Examination
7.6 Final Examination of Vessel
7.6.1 Surface Examination after Hydrotest
7.6.2 Inspection of Lined Vessel Interior after Hydrotest
7.7 Leak Testing
7.8 Acoustic Emission
915 7.9 Tables
927 7.10 Figures
941 ANNEX 7.A RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES FOR INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION ACTIVITIES
7.A.1 General
7.A.2 Manufacturer’s Responsibility
7.A.2.1 The Manufacturer
7.A.2.2 Inspection and Examination Duties
942 7.A.3 Inspector’s Responsibility
7.A.3.1 The Inspector
7.A.3.2 Inspection and Examination Duties
944 7.A.4 Tables
946 PART 8 PRESSURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS
947 8.1 General Requirements
8.1.1 Selection of Pressure Test Methods
8.1.2 Precautions
948 8.1.3 Requirements for Vessels of Specific Construction
949 8.1.4 Pressure Gages
950 8.2 Hydrostatic Testing
8.2.1 Test Pressure
8.2.2 Preparation for Testing
8.2.3 Test Fluid
8.2.4 Test Procedures
951 8.2.5 Test Examination and Acceptance Criteria
8.3 Pneumatic Testing
8.3.1 Test Pressure
8.3.2 Preparation for Testing
8.3.3 Test Fluid
8.3.4 Test Procedures
952 8.3.5 Test Examination and Acceptance Criteria
8.4 Alternative Pressure Testing
8.4.1 Hydrostatic–Pneumatic Tests
8.4.2 Leak Tightness Testing
953 8.5 Documentation
8.6 Nomenclature
954 PART 9 PRESSURE VESSEL OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION
955 9.1 General Requirements
9.1.1 Protection Against Overpressure
9.1.2 Types of Overpressure Protection
9.1.3 Required Relieving Capacity and Allowable Overpressure
956 9.1.4 Pressure Setting of Pressure Relief Devices
9.2 Pressure Relief Valves
9.3 Non- Reclosing Pressure Relief Devices
9.3.1 Rupture Disk Devices
9.3.2 Breaking Pin Devices
9.3.3 Spring Loaded Non-Reclosing Pressure Relief Devices
9.4 Calculation Of Rated Capacity For Different Relieving Pressures And/ Or Fluids
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Prorating of Certified Capacity for Different Pressures
957 9.4.3 Conversion of Certified Capacity for Different In-Service Fluids
9.5 Marking and Stamping
9.6 Provisions for Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Inlet Piping for Pressure Relief Devices
9.6.3 Discharge Lines from Pressure Relief Devices
9.6.4 Pressure Drop, Non- Reclosing Pressure Relief Devices
9.7 Overpressure Protection by Design
9.7.1 Requirements
958 9.7.2 Documentation
9.7.3 Manufacturer’s Data Report
959 ANNEX 9.A BEST PRACTICES FOR THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
9.A.1 Introduction
9.A.2 Provisions for the Installation of Stop Valves in the Relief Path
962 9.A.3 Inlet Piping Pressure Drop for Pressure Relief Valves
9.A.4 Discharge Lines from Pressure Relief Devices
963 9.A.5 Cautions Regarding Pressure Relief Device Discharge into a Common Header
9.A.6 Pressure Differentials (Operating Margin) for Pressure Relief Valves
965 9.A.7 Pressure Relief Valve Orientation
9.A.8 Reaction Forces and Externally Applied Piping Loads
9.A.9 Sizing of Pressure Relief Devices for Fire Conditions
966 9.A.10 Use of Pressure Indicating Devices to Monitor Pressure Differential
968 INTERPRETATIONS VOLUME 57 – SECTION VIII-2
974 NUMERICAL INDEX
976 SUBJECT INDEX

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