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ASCE 9780784476352 2012

ASCE 9780784476352 2012

$77.46

Earthquakes and Engineers – An International History

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASCE 2012 764
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Earthquakes and Engineers: An International History is the first comprehensive treatment of the engineering techniques devised around the world to address seismic problems. Beginning in ancient times, threading through the Renaissance, and continuing into the latter half of the 20th century, Reitherman traces the evolution of humankind

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Cover
6 Contents
12 Acknowledgments
16 Introduction
The Definition of “Earthquake Engineering”
17 Engineers and Scientists
19 Earthquake Engineering and Earthquake-Resistant Construction
Scope
20 Why This Book?
22 1 Approaches to Earthquake Engineering History
Earthquake Engineering Lore Can Be Fascinating, yet Factual
26 The Value of Thinking
Adding Breadth to Engineering
27 Credit Where Credit Is Due
28 History as a Way of Thinking about the Future
Past Ideas and Developments May Still Be Useful Today
29 Chronology Vis-à-Vis History
31 History as a Sieve
32 Potential Sources of Bias
40 Why the Emphasis on the Early Years?
41 The End of Earthquake Engineering History?
48 2 The Complexities of Earthquake Engineering
49 Similarities and Differences with Other Engineering Disciplines
50 Risk
56 Inelasticity and Nonlinear Behavior
57 Dynamics
60 3 Ancient Understanding and Misunderstanding
63 Mythological Beliefs: Supernatural Explanations for a Natural Phenomenon
67 China
74 India
76 Japan
79 Africa
New Zealand
81 Greece
85 Middle East
86 Fiji
Mexico
North American Indians
87 Limited Accomplishments from Ancient Times
90 4 Beginnings of the Modern Scientific Approach: Renaissance to 1850
The Development of Geology as a Science
93 Galileo, Newton, Hooke: The Beginnings of Physics and Engineering
100 Earthquake-Resistant Construction Traditions in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
113 Civil Engineering Development as a Prerequisite to Earthquake Engineering
120 5 The First Seismologists and Earthquake Engineers: The Nineteenth Century
122 Robert Mallet, the First Earthquake Engineer
125 Japan in the Meiji Period
130 The University of Tokyo
136 John Milne: The Foremost Early Seismologist
144 Ayrton, Perry, Ewing, Knott, Gray, and Mendenhall
150 Development of Seismology Outside of Japan
154 Intensity, an Early Tool of Seismologists and Engineers
157 Understanding Faults and the Generation of Earthquakes
160 Steel and Reinforced Concrete Join the Traditional Construction Materials
167 Moment-Resisting Frames, Braced Frames, Walls, and Diaphragms
168 Construction Vocabulary in Place, but Lacking Syntax
169 The Lack of Quantitative Measures of Seismic Loads
170 Static Analysis of a Dynamic Phenomenon
171 The Many Unsolved Problems
174 6 1900–1940: Poised for Further Development but Lacking Essential Analytical Tools
178 Earthquake Engineering in Japan
191 Developing “Surficial” Seismology
194 Research and Practice Initiatives after the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake
204 The 1908 Messina–Reggio Earthquake
211 1910 Cartago, Costa Rica, Earthquake: An Early Recognition of the Vulnerability of Unreinforced Masonry
212 The 1923 Kanto, Japan, Earthquake: The First Test of Seismically Analyzed and Designed Buildings
220 Seismologists Develop the First Estimates of Future Earthquakes: Where, How Big, and How Often
222 Magnitude Becomes a Useful Tool for Seismologists and Engineers Alike
231 Earthquakes of the 1930s Bring Codes to India, Pakistan, New Zealand, the United States, Chile, and Turkey
243 Soil Engineering Develops
244 Measurements of Ground Shaking and Attempts by Engineers to Analyze Those Measurements
249 Assessing the State of Practice in 1940
256 7 1940–1960: Major Advances in Understanding and Design
259 Laboratory and Field Instrumentation
265 Laboratory Testing Apparatus
271 Aeronautics, Atomic and Other Bombs, World War II, and the Cold War
277 Tsunamis Become a Recognized Research and Risk Reduction Topic
281 Dynamics Comes to Soils and Foundation Engineering
287 How Severely Can the Ground Shake?
288 Ductility Becomes a Prime Goal to Achieve Deformation Capacity, Rather Than Strength Capacity
294 The Duet of Ground Motion and Structural Response
295 The Longevity of the Response Spectrum and Equivalent Lateral Force Methods
307 The First World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
309 The Internationalization of the Field
315 A Breakthrough in the Earth Sciences: Plate Tectonics Theory
320 8 1960–2000: Computers, Instruments, and Apparatus Provide Needed Analysis and Design Tools
324 Computers
328 Computer Software Development
342 The Internet
Instruments for Measuring the Behavior and Properties of the Ground and Structures
345 Simulation of Earthquakes with Shake Tables, Reaction Walls, Forced Vibration, Centrifuges, and Other Apparatus
358 9 1960–2000: The Construction Industry Introduces New Innovations and Challenges
359 New Structural Systems
373 The Capacity Design Method
378 Capacity Spectrum, Pushover, and Displacement-Based Methods
382 Improvements in Ductility
391 Seismic Isolation
402 Damping Devices
404 Active Control
Architectural Trends Challenge the Engineers
424 10 1960–2000: Universities and Research Institutes Provide the Well-Educated Experts for a Growing Field
The First Earthquake Engineering Professors Teach Themselves a New Subject
428 Japan
430 United States
444 Italy
445 Turkey
448 India
451 New Zealand
452 China
458 Chile
459 Canada
460 The Technology of Teaching
464 Social Scientists Study Earthquakes
468 11 1960–2000: Special Design Problems Provide Continuing Motivation for Innovation
470 Tall Buildings
484 Hospitals
491 Nonstructural Components Become More Extensive and More Damageable
501 Retrofitting to Reduce Existing Risks
510 Infrastructure Receives Specialized Attention
548 12 1960–2000: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Enters Its Growth Phase
549 Liquefaction, Surface Fault Rupture, Landslides
562 Effects of Soil on Shaking
564 Seismic Zonation
567 Signs of a Maturing Discipline
568 13 1960–2000: Probabilistic Approaches
570 Earthquake Loss Estimation
576 Average Loss, Damage Probability Matrices, and Fragility Curves
579 Probabilistic Approaches to Ground-Motion Mapping
582 Probabilistic Definitions of Safety
590 14 1960–2000: Increasing Funding, Regulations, and Public Expectations Provide Support for a Maturing Field
591 Rising Expectations
595 Mitigation of Risk Versus Elimination of Risk
596 The Spread of Earthquake Construction Regulations
618 Disasters Continue to Be the Major Motivators
Earthquake Engineering Is Freely Imported and Exported
621 Growth in the Literature
623 Solving Problems Versus Identifying Problems
624 A Global Attitude Toward Earthquake Risk
625 All the Eggs in One Basket
629 In Search of the Seismic Plimsoll Mark
634 From Empiricism to Theory
638 Epilogue: The Future of Earthquake Engineering History
Disciplinary Backgrounds of Historical Investigators
641 Oral Histories
642 Manuscripts, Documents, and Images
643 Collections of Artifacts: Construction Samples, Laboratory Apparatus and Specimens, and Instruments
Museums of Earthquake Engineering
644 Unanswered Questions
648 Conclusion
650 Appendix: Earthquake Engineering History as Delineated by Significant Earthquakes
706 References
742 Index
A
743 B
744 C
746 D
E
749 F
G
750 H
751 I
752 J
K
753 L
M
754 N
756 O
P
757 Q
R
758 S
760 T
761 U
762 V
W
763 X
Y
Z
764 About the Author

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ASCE 9780784476352 2012
$77.46