Decentralized Rural Electrification Systems (DRES) are designed to supply electric power for sites which are not connected to a large interconnected system, or a national grid, in order to meet basic needs.<\/p>\n
The majority of these sites are:<\/p>\n
isolated dwellings;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
village houses;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
community services (public lighting, pumping, health centres, places of worship or cultural activities, administrative buildings, etc.);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
economic activities (workshops, micro-industry, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The DRESs fall into the following three categories:<\/p>\n
process electrification systems (for example, for pumping);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
individual electrification systems (IES) for single users;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
collective electrification systems (CES) for multiple users.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Process or individual electrification systems exclusively consist of two subsystems:<\/p>\n
an electric energy generation subsystem;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the user’s electrical installation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Collective electrification systems, however, consist of three subsystems:<\/p>\n
an electric energy generation subsystem;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
a distribution subsystem, also called microgrid;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
user\u2019s electrical installations including interface equipment between the installations and the microgrid.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
This technical specification applies to a micropower plant which is the electric energy generation subsystem associated with a decentralized rural electrification system.<\/p>\n
It provides general requirements for the design, erection and operation of micropower plants and general requirements to ensure the safety of persons and property.<\/p>\n
The micropower plants covered by this specification are low-voltage a.c., three-phase or single-phase, with rated capacity less than, or equal to, 100 kVA. The rated capacity is at the electrical output of the micropower plant, that is, the upstream terminals of the main switch between the micropower plant and the microgrid. They do not include voltage transformation.<\/p>\n
The voltage levels covered under this specification are:<\/p>\n
the 240 V 1-\u00d8\/415 V 3-\u00d8, the 230 V 1-\u00d8\/400 V 3-\u00d8, the 220 V 1-\u00d8\/380 V 3-\u00d8, and the 120 V 1-\u00d8\/208 V 3-\u00d8 systems at 60 Hz or 50 Hz; or obeyed by local code.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the ELV (less than 120 V) d.c. systems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The requirements cover \u201ccentralized\u201d micropower plants for application in:<\/p>\n
process electrification;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
individual electrification systems and collective electrification systems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
It does not apply to distributed generation on microgrids.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4 General 4.1 Boundary of a micropower plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 4.2 Composition of a micropower plant 4.3 General functional layout of a micropower plant Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Micropower system limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 5 Design 5.1 Design criteria Figure 2 \u2013 Example of functional layout for a micropower plant supplying a.c. energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 5.2 Power generation mix 5.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 5.2.2 Internal combustion generator sets 5.3 Electrical design 5.3.1 System voltage selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 5.3.2 Interconnection of generators 5.4 Mechanical and civil works 5.4.1 Civil works 5.4.2 Technical room Figure 3 \u2013 Interconnection configuration with d.c. bus and a.c. bus Figure 4 \u2013 Interconnection configuration with a.c. bus only <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 5.4.3 Battery room 5.4.4 Specific requirements 6 Safety issues 6.1 Electrical issues 6.1.1 General 6.1.2 Specific requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | Figure 5 \u2013 Example of protection against effects of lightning and over-voltage for generators with two live conductors output (d.c. or a.c.) TNS P+N <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | Figure 6 \u2013 Example of protection against effects of lightning over-voltage for three phase generators with four live a.c. conductors (TNS P+N scheme) \u2013 Generator side Figure 7 \u2013 Example of a simplified lightning protection includinga crow\u2019s foot earth termination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | Figure 8 \u2013 Protection of a photovoltaic array Tables Table 1 \u2013 Minimum dimensions for lightning protection wires <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 6.2 Mechanical issues 6.3 Thermal and fire issues 6.4 Noise issues Figure 9 \u2013 Wiring arrangement for equipotential link <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 6.5 Access security 7 Erection of equipment 7.1 Siting 7.1.1 Photovoltaic array 7.1.2 Wind turbine 7.1.3 Micro-hydro turbine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 7.1.4 Generator set 7.1.5 Technical room 7.1.6 Battery bank (battery enclosure) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 7.2 Equipment installation 7.2.1 Mechanical 7.2.2 Electrical <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Table\u00a02 \u2013 Cross-section of 230 V a.c. power cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | Table 3 \u2013 Fuse ratings for protection from short-circuiting in 230 V\/400 V a.c. circuits Table 4 \u2013 Fuse ratings for protection from short-circuiting in 120 V\/208 V a.c. circuits Table 5 \u2013 Circuit-breaker ratings for protection from short-circuiting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 8 Acceptance process 8.1 General 8.2 Phase 1: Preparation 8.3 Phase 2: Documentation 8.4 Phase 3: Commissioning 8.4.1 Step 1: Evaluation of the conformity of the installed system with the accepted design 8.4.2 Step 2: Evaluation of qualification of the installation 8.4.3 Step 3: Preliminary tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 8.4.4 Step 4: Performance testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 8.5 Phase 4: Agreement 8.6 Commissioning records 9 Operation, maintenance and replacement 10 Marking and documentation 10.1 Marking 10.1.1 Information for emergency services 10.1.2 Information for maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 10.1.3 Information for batteries 10.1.4 Signs 10.2 Documentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | Annexes Annex A (informative) Selectivity of protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | Figure A.1 \u2013 Example of the selectivity of protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Risk assessment of lightning stroke B.1 General B.2 Risk assessment simplified methodology B.3 Risk assessment multi-criteria methodology Table B.1 \u2013 Stake index values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | Table B.2 \u2013 Construction index values Table B.3 \u2013 Height index values Table B.4 \u2013 Situation index values Table B.5 \u2013 Lightning prevalence index values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Table B.6 \u2013 Assessment of risk and need for protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | Annex C (normative) Voltage domains Table C.1 \u2013 Voltage domains <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0D (informative)Battery room D.1 Administrative formalities D.2 Battery siting D.3 Characteristics of the battery storage site: specific battery room or locker <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | D.4 Electrical equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | D.5 Safety instructions D.6 Battery enclosure examples (informative) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | Figure D.1 \u2013 Two examples of a battery installed in a dedicated equipment room showing clearances from equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Figure D.2 \u2013 Example of a battery enclosure within a room where the battery enclosure is vented to outside the building <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Figure D.3 \u2013 Example of a battery enclosure with equipment enclosure immediately adjacent <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | Figure D.4 \u2013 Example of a battery enclosure with the intake and outlet vents on the same wall <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Energy fraction calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative) Noise control F.1 General F.2 Assessment of noise annoyance F.3 Principles of noise attenuation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | F.4 Noise reduction methods for specific items of equipment F.4.1 Generator sets F.4.2 Wind turbines F.4.3 Inverters and other electronic equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | Annex G (informative) Commissioning record sheet (examples) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Recommendations for renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Integrated systems. Micropower systems<\/b><\/p>\n |